It is not for nothing that read more, Tip by .css-f4fj1b{border-radius:100%;display:inline-block;height:16px;overflow:hidden;width:16px;background-image:url(https://d2exd72xrrp1s7.cloudfront.net/www/4v/4vrkc0o0ss9sdpre8jf9pj931rd396l89125792-full/1768fd7bafe/p?width=32&height=32&crop=true&q=70);-webkit-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;background-color:rgb(240,240,240);margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:middle;}Jrgen Hild. The name is possibly a patronymic form of the personal name Grier or Grere, which may have reflected the Scots pronunciation of Catalog of titles - Grisons. edit history About the Bushkin surname This section is a placeholder for information about the Bushkin surname. In this example the file must be in public_html/example/Example/. There is a kiosk and a restaurant on the lido side. 1 The Palatinate was one of the largest provinces of Germany, located in South Germany on both sides of the Rhine and with Heidelberg as the capital. The mountain farmers are innovative. Van Leer involvement in the Revolutionary War was extensive and included many stories, There are two cabins still standing today, which served as aunderground railroadstations, March 2, 1476, is a red-letter day in both Swiss and Van Leer history, Women's Rights Activist Ella Lillian Wall Van Leer, Van Leer Family Archives | History & Collections. Bring a , schweizmobil.ch/de/veloland/route/etappe-01268.html. Also Ammann contended for uniformity in dress, including style of hats, cut of clothing, pattern of shoes and stockings, and wearing of the untrimmed beard. This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Grisson research. The controversy, referred to historically as the Ammann-Reist controversy, was over separation from evil, non-conformity, and other minor issues. The Mennonites introduced the cultivation of casparsette (a variety of clover), the use of the potato, improved feedlot practices, and the use of minerals as fertilizers.30 The Swiss Mennonite concentration on dairying and cheesemaking was expanded in the direction of more general farming. A moderate tax burden, optimally trained professional staff, high labour productivity and a fine-meshed infrastructure offer locational advantages not only to internationally operating firms, but also to small and medium-sized enterprises. SurnamesElmer, Hess, Kensinger, Mylin, Wenger, and Zurcher Hartzler and Daniel Kauffman, Mennonite Church History (Scottdale, Pa.: Mennonite Book and Tract Society, 1905), p. 101. Before you do anything, it is suggested that you backup your website so that you can revert back to a previous version if something goes wrong. Ammann felt that persons guilty of falsehood should be excommunicated and rejected the thought that the treuherzige would be saved. RewriteBase / By 1838, the British New Zealand Company had begun buying land from the Maori tribes, and selling it to settlers, and, after the Treaty of Waitangi in 1840, many British families set out on the arduous six month journey from Britain to Aotearoa to start a new life. Tome 2, Histoire militaire des suisses au service de la France : avec les pices justificatives. WebWelcome to our Switzerland family history research page. The restrictions included additional taxes, a reduction in the number of families to two hundred, and the Redemption Act. A scholarly written article based on primary sources. One was whether those who spoke falsehoods should be excommunicated; the other, whether true-hearted persons (treuherzige, (half-way Anabaptists), friends of Mennonites who accepted many of their views and helped them in times of persecution) would be saved. Visitors to Lago Bianco can enjoy a variety of activities, including hiking, biking, and picnicking. I am mainly of English descent. The surname Grisson was first found in Norfolk where conjecturally they were, in 1066, Lords of the Manor of Brockdish, the King's land, whose I do have some Swiss, French, and German ancestry but many generations back based on my family tree. WebLago Bianco Switzerland is a beautiful place to visit. Immediate Family Ulrich I von Formbach, Graf im S husband Mathilde von Schweinachgau daughter Berthold I von Formbach, Graf im son Berthold Herzog von Bayern father Biltrude von Engadin mother Heinrich III "der jnge" von Ba brother Wiltrude de Lorraine stepmother About Kunigunde von Bayern [Three] brothers, parents not known. Tip by .css-1jd4w04{border-radius:100%;display:inline-block;height:16px;overflow:hidden;width:16px;background-image:url(https://d2exd72xrrp1s7.cloudfront.net/www/ua/ua2nptvd10ez6ktdrjemxrcw2xic8y1h-u719790115383-full/16b8883d2a1?width=32&height=32&crop=true&q=70);-webkit-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;background-color:rgb(240,240,240);margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:middle;}Christian K. & Miriam. It is the French and Danish name for the Swiss canton of Graubunden, largest of the cantons of Switzerland. Webof the prefix name (de, De, Di, van, von etc.). 9 11 23andMe Business Business, Economics, and Finance 11 comments Best 1951), Australian politician, Member of the Australian Parliament for Newcastle (2001-2013), Edmund Edward DeLesert Grierson (1860-1922), Canadian politician, Alderman on the Edmonton Town Council (1901-1904), Lieutenant General Sir James Moncrieff Grierson KCB, Benjamin Henry Grierson (1826-1911), American music teacher and later career officer in the United States Army, William Wylie Grierson (1863-1935), British civil engineer, President of the Institution of Civil Engineers (1929-1930), (Another 10 notables are available in all our. As you will be able to see from the list below, many Swiss surnames were occupational, habitational, or status names. Furthermore, the church book begun by the Galician Mennonites about 1810 states that the settlers in Galicia were originally from Switzerland. Most of the churches in the Palatinate and virtually all of the churches in Switzerland followed Reist (who led the larger of the two groups), while a few from these areas and virtually all the churches in the Alsace followed Ammann.29. ), a Scottish Dominican who is believed to have been from the family of Grierson of Lag in Dumfriesshire. Mrs. Ella Wall Van Leer who is responsible for the foundation of the research. Thus some of the Swiss-Volhynian Mennonite ancestors came from the Palatinate, where they were scattered among the larger Mennonite and Amish communities. Parish registers, citizen and family records. The village now consists of a church, St. Edmunds, which has both Saxon and Norman windows, obviously predating the Norman Conquest by many years. Available titles . For most people, citizenship was inherited, and residency was not a requirement. The way is easy to handle. Very clear water that invites you to swim, fantastically surrounded by mountains and forest. My father was one of the first farmers to take this step in the valley, recalls Marcel, who started out working as a woodsman. In addition, the Mennonites were not to teach anything savoring of political revolt, and they were required to pay an annual tax.4. Who does not shy away from the climb will be rewarded with a beautiful view. You can try renaming that file to .htaccess-backup and refreshing the site to see if that resolves the issue. Be it to spend the night in the hut, or to replenish the energy supplies for the strenuous ascent read more, Tip by .css-txnuh0{border-radius:100%;display:inline-block;height:16px;overflow:hidden;width:16px;background-image:url(https://d2exd72xrrp1s7.cloudfront.net/www/c3/c37dlkhw2znr1j7k0vzbkqe0a1naatklu7714368-full/178598868d4/p?width=32&height=32&crop=true&q=70);-webkit-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;background-color:rgb(240,240,240);margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:middle;}Thorsten. Be sure to take the binoculars with you, because most of the time you can see the ibex colony. In terms of surface, Graubnden is the largest canton, yet at the same time it is the most sparsely populated with 198500inhabitants. The Romansh language and culture is an important part of the Graubndens character, which also boasts a beautiful countryside and tourist attractions. RewriteRule ^index.php$ - [L] Grisons This is why you will see a lot of influences from those languages in Swiss last names. According to an article in the Tages Anzeiger Grierson (name) - Wikipedia The steep cliffs tower 300 meters down to the read more, Tip by .css-1ry4g59{-webkit-appearance:none;-moz-appearance:none;-ms-appearance:none;appearance:none;background-color:transparent;color:var(--theme-ui-colors-secondary);display:inline;font-size:inherit;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-1ry4g59:hover,.css-1ry4g59:focus{-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;color:#0065b8;}.css-15tc4lh{margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:middle;}.css-176kp4u{border-radius:100%;display:inline-block;height:16px;overflow:hidden;width:16px;background-image:url(https://d2exd72xrrp1s7.cloudfront.net/www/gm/gmd51o41t4txqa5d0tckuniz1hxm1a5i6950240-full/18689ad3b7a?width=32&height=32&crop=true&q=70);-webkit-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;background-color:rgb(240,240,240);margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:middle;}Landlinien, Mountain bikers like to stop at the Heidelberger Hut (2,264 meters). Anthonys great-grandfather Raghet was born in Chur (or Coira in Italian), Grisons, Switzerland, the son of Giovanni Abys and Maria Riza Porta. Land was often available and the American War of Independence allowed Scots an opportunity to solidify their independence from the English crown. [9]. Aktivieren Sie bitte JavaScript, und versuchen Sie es erneut. Build your family tree step by step using our online family tree software. Geneanet respects genealogists: you retain full ownership of your family tree and the documents you share on Geneanet (. These settlers and their ancestors went on to play essential roles in the forging of the nations of the United States and Canada. It is not for nothing that , The Carschinahtte at 2,221 meters is one of the most visited huts in Switzerland. Les Canadiens-Franais: origine des familles migres de France, d'Espagne, de Suisse, etc. Find your Swiss last name and learn about its meaning and origins. Wayne Van Leer Jones who also contributed additional research which he donated to various national archives. There are several trails of varying difficulty levels near the lake. 1. The Mennonites were also active in the milling industry and in linen weaving.31, Life was very simple, sometimes owing to economic necessity, and always because of Christian concern. Very nice, relaxed cycling on the Rhine cycle path with a beautiful mountain backdrop. As the persecution of Clan families continued, they sailed for North America in increasing numbers. Another 149 words (11 lines of text) covering the years 1555 and 1651 are included under the topic Early Grisson History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible. This long and easy path in Val Mora is mostly flat and with excellent conditions. Surefooted condition. In summary, because of persecution in the period from 1650 to 1786, many Swiss Mennonites fled to the Palatinate where they started life anew amid many difficulties which were accentuated when a new line of rulers came to power. You can let it fly right or you drive a little slower and enjoy the really beautiful view , Great view of the Morteratsch Glacier and great views of the valley. Whether you love hiking or cycling, Grisons is a region where 20 grisons switzerland dna. Edit the file on your computer and upload it to the server via FTP. RewriteEngine On When you get a 404 error be sure to check the URL that you are attempting to use in your browser.This tells the server what resource it should attempt to request. A Complete List of Swiss Last Names + Meanings - FamilyEducation 19 Harold S. Bender, Palatinate Mennonite Census Lists, 1684-1774, I, Mennonite Quarterly Review XIV:I (January, 1940), pp. It is accessible by a read more, Wow, what a panorama! The highest mountain is the Piz Bernina at 4049m, and the lowest point is the border with Ticino at 260m. The majority of the population in Graubnden is employed in the services sector. An overview of the parish registers available can be accessed under PDF. Graubnden, which is Switzerlands only tri-lingual canton, is a place of economical, cultural and political diversity. The lake is situated in the middle of the Alps and surrounded mountains. A full list of Common Swiss Surnames and Their Origin - Alpenwild The Van Leers trace their roots back to the Canton of the Grisons, Switzerland and are well documented under their former surnames Valr and von Lhr. Genealogy And that after just a few minutes' walk. Titles given to the family include Count de Salis-Soglio and Count de Salis-Seewis. 3 C. Henry Smith, The Mennonite Immigration to Pennsylvania in the Eighteenth Century (Norristown, Pa.: Pennsylvania-German Society, 1929), pp. Special thanks to three amazing archivists over the years. The terms included freedom to hold the Mennonite faith, provided Mennonites did not attempt to proselyte nor accept outsiders into their church, and freedom of worship, provided the meetings were not held in public buildings and not more than twenty families met at one time. Elsinger - A Swiss-German occupational name for a keeper of mules or donkeys. Hans Abis uss dem ampt Plurss is accepted as a citizen of the city of Chur in 1609 for 1609 on the Rhine. He believed that church members should not eat, do business, or fraternize with excommunicated members. Therefore, if a birth, marriage, o The Swiss-Volhynians and the Palatinate. We use cookies to enhance your personalized experience for ads, analytics, and more. 2000- 2023 Swyrich Corporation, all rights reserved. If your last name is Swiss or even has German origins, take a look at this list of some of the most well-known Swiss last names. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The transition to organic began through milk sales, thanks to pastures free from synthetic fertilizers. In 1840 there were 5 Grisson families living in Michigan. Of the latter, Smith states that the name Schrag was changed to Schrock in America (p.239).. Best to visit early in the morning and during the week, otherwise very crowded with people. 24 Bender, Palatinate Mennonite Census Lists, 1664-1774, III Mennonite Quarterly Review XIV:3 (July, 1940), p. 154. The steep cliffs tower 300 meters down to the translated by View Original Tip by Landlinien Bookmark Take Me There 2 Heidelberger Htte 163-168 ; An Amish Church Discipline of 1781, Mennonite Quarterly Review, IV:2 (April, 1930), pp. It is interesting to note that among those who came to Pennsylvania were Krehbiels, Millers, Zergers, and Schrags. The year range represents most of the records. WebThis name GRISONS is also spelt GRISANTO, GREISONS and GREISON. Geneanet allows you to search for the names of your ancestors and of your entire family among the 8 billion individuals indexed in our site. Are you sure you want to delete this item from your shopping cart? In the middle of the 19th century, author and politician Heinrich Zschokke remarked that Graubnden was "Switzerland within Switzerland". In Switzerland, you'll find last names with French, Italian, German, and Romansh roots, all of which are official languages in Switzerland. All American Van Leers are descendants of Johann Georg von Lhr sometimes Von Leer who anglicized his name to John George Van Leer. In the American collection, there are records for over 1000 Bernardhus Van Leer ancestors. The deep Alpine valleys of the present-day Grisons were originally settled by the Raetians(Rhaeti). In Chur, archaeological evidence of settlement goes back as far as the Pfyn culture[17](3900-3500 BC),[18]making the capital city of the Grisons one of the oldest settlements in Switzerland. [2]. The Carschinahtte at 2,221 meters is one of the most visited huts in Switzerland. Wedel, p. 11). The Grisons(/riz/,[3]French:[iz]) or Graubnden(German: [rabndn] (listen)),[note 1]more formally the Canton of the Grisonsor the Canton of Graubnden,[4]is one of the twenty-six cantonsof Switzerland. It has eleven regions, and its capital is Chur. Here they perpetuated their faith in God and way of life, which included their German-Swiss culture. Mottoes seldom form part of the grant of arms: Under most heraldic authorities, a motto is an optional component of the coat of arms, and can be added to or changed at will; many families have chosen not to display a motto. A few records may be earlier or later.
Related record categories: Birth Records. Graubnden lives on tourism; the revenues from tourism provide about half of the jobs and incomes of the population of Graubnden. It is the French and Danish name for the Swiss canton of Graubunden, largest of the cantons of Switzerland. Please try back later because we frequently add more collections. Are you using WordPress? Just click. Simplicity was the keynote in the house, home furnishings, and clothing. The arduous ascent is rewarded with an unobstructed 360-degree panorama. Early immigrants include: The motto was originally a war cry or slogan. Thus, von Allmen is listed under the letter V, Di Carlo under the letter D. Various spellings of the same name are listed separately. Some Van Leers stayed in Europe while others immigrated to American. Make a reservation. Favre - A Swiss-French occupational name for a smith or ironworker. Swiss surnames are commonly found in Switzerland and all around central Europe. The most popular surname in Switzerland is Muller, which you can learn more about below! Grisons Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com 27 C. Henry Smith, The Mennonites in Europe; J.S. Altfinstermnz on the route of the Via Claudia Augusta is an ancient fortification in the Finstermnz Gorge, on the border of Tyrol and Graubnden. At 2,817 meters you have a great view of all the surrounding peaks throughout the Montafon and much further. [4]
Fortunately, the Dutch Mennonites came to their aid and thus helped eliminate their dire need. Mottoes first began to be shown with arms in the 14th and 15th centuries, but were not in general use until the 17th century. The area of land used for cemeteries in Switzerland has remained the same for many years. There is no extra ground to expand them thus forcing them to cycle through their various plots. Many cemeteries have headstones that only date back 25 years, but varies according to location. Seldom will you find a headstone dating Graubnden is a typical mountain area and highland. The children of Johann Jacob were Peter, Johann Jacob, Michael, Anna, and Magdalena. Hergeleitet aus authentischen Beweischriften und Belegstcken, 1880 (unpublished article secured from Paul Schowalter, Weierhof, Germany), p. 3. Notice that the CaSe is important in this example. Home Swiss Mennonite History The Palatinate, From The European History of the Swiss Mennonites from Volhynia One source asserts that the lands of St. Mawes including the castle "was first given to Sir Robert Le Grice, a Spaniard, by whose son, in the reign of Elizabeth, it was sold to Hannibal Vyvyan, Esq. Switzerland Personal Names FamilySearch This varies by browser, if you do not see a box on your page with a red X try right clicking on the page, then select View Page Info, and goto the Media Tab. [citation needed][10]. Swiss German-language names. Toilets are also available. Here you'll find record collections, history, and genealogy resources to help you trace your Switzerland ancestors. 29-30. People Projects Discussions Surnames The inner valleys are the highest in Europe, and the main sources of the river Rhine rise here. You may need to scroll to find it. Your use of the site indicates your agreement to be bound by our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. WebGrisons. Some of the Grierson family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt. WebEarly Origins of the Grierson family. [3]. About 50per cent of the farms are operated organically. If your blog is showing the wrong domain name in links, redirecting to another site, or is missing images and style, these are all usually related to the same problem: you have the wrong domain name configured in your WordPress blog. Genealogy This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Grierson research. Our canton - Our canton - Gr Mglicherweise versuchen Sie, mit einem gesicherten Browser auf dem Server auf diese Website zuzugreifen. Enter some information into our search engine (last name, first name, place) and start your search. Belong anywhere with Airbnb. They were one of the most influential families of the Three Leagues. This is because German is an official language in Switzerland, along with French and Italian. Removing this item from your shopping cart will remove your associated sale items. Make a reservation. This article is about the surname. 29 Harold S. Bender, Amish Division, The Mennonite Encyclopedia I, pp. The surname Grierson was first found in Dumfriesshire (Gaelic: Siorrachd Dhn Phris), a Southern area, bordering on England that today forms A fantastic descent with - in comparison to Stelvio - little traffic. He was "persecutor of the covenanters, was descended from an old Dumfriesshire family which claimed as an ancestor the highland chief Malcolm, lord of Macgregor, the friend and ally of Robert Bruce. Alternatively, for more regional records try browsing within all Switzerland collections. Has anybody noticed a jump in their French and German DNA over (Milton Gascho, The Amish Division of 1693-1697 in Switzerland and Alsace, Mennonite Quarterly Review II:4 October, 1937, pp. It is also possible that you have inadvertently deleted your document root or the your account may need to be recreated. Until 1798, the borders of the read more, Tip by .css-yztr60{border-radius:100%;display:inline-block;height:16px;overflow:hidden;width:16px;background-image:url(https://d2exd72xrrp1s7.cloudfront.net/www/1e/1e2umqkbv6dx9sp6ktd9k9f4r30zd54aj-u824224472476-full/17ec4254697/p?width=32&height=32&crop=true&q=70);-webkit-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;background-color:rgb(240,240,240);margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:middle;}Paul Mura, The view from the hiking and tobogganing mountain Muottas Muragl (2,456 meters) over the Upper Engadine is so unique that you could forget why, apart from the panorama, you actually read more, Tip by .css-1b0r4ff{border-radius:100%;display:inline-block;height:16px;overflow:hidden;width:16px;background-image:url(https://d2exd72xrrp1s7.cloudfront.net/www/k4/k4ilzc2ellf01xavdanhdywe01omowy4o8147649-full/17937124dcf?width=32&height=32&crop=true&q=70);-webkit-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;background-color:rgb(240,240,240);margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:middle;}Engadin St. Moritz Tourismus AG, Falknis 2560m (summit)The summit lies on the border between Liechtenstein and Switzerland between the Bndner municipality of Flsch and the Liechtenstein municipality of Triesen. Are you keen on exploring more awesome places nearby? Swiss Mennonite Cultural and Historical His boss, whom he admires, is waiting to meet with him about the big Plus search our list of the most common last names in Switzerland. Some Mennonites found their way there as early as 1650,5 but the really large migration was a group of seven hundred which came in 1671. In German it is called Graubnden, and I just read that the 31 Ernst Crous, Mennonites in Germany Since the Thirty Years War, Mennonite Quarterly Review, XIV:4 (October, 1951), p. 355. 28 Harold S. Bender, An Amish Church Discipline of 1779, Mennonite Quarterly Review,XI:2 (April, 1937), pp. The Confession was signed by a group of thirteen Alsatian Ministers in 1660. More information at. The old tower stands in the read more, Tip by .css-fblq8f{border-radius:100%;display:inline-block;height:16px;overflow:hidden;width:16px;background-image:url(https://d2exd72xrrp1s7.cloudfront.net/www/8i/8i0erhw3wh72utxrkvcvo6md1xct4pif11749577-full/18501fe91fc/p?width=32&height=32&crop=true&q=70);-webkit-background-size:cover;background-size:cover;background-color:rgb(240,240,240);margin-right:0.3em;vertical-align:middle;}Betty Achrainer, Dreibndenstein - a piece of historyThe Dreibndenstein is a monument to the former border point of the Free State of the Three Bunds. Having your last name reflect your profession was the most common, and it would be passed down to children from their father. Unfortunately, the steep access to the lake is also child's play via the train. The countryside was constantly ravaged by war and to pay for the wars and the pleasures of the nobility, additional taxes were required. The Grisson surname is thought to be derived from the Middle English word "grice," which is in turn from the Old French "gris," meaning "grey." Swiss Mennonite Cultural & Historical Association 2018-2023. 8021 Westover Drive Indianapolis, IN 46268 Phone: 317-387-1424 pascagoula high school yearbook Every region has its own specific character in this "land of 150valleys". Either way, please contact your web host immediately. 5-39; Bender, Palatinate Mennonite Census Lists, 1664-1774, II, Mennonite Quarterly Review XIV:2 (April, 1940). 2 Christian Hege, Kurpfalz, Mennonitisches Lexikon II, p. 589. The Grisons is sometimes included in the larger region of Eastern Switzerland, together with six other cantons. The Grisons shares border with numerous regions of Europe, reflecting its cultural diversity, and is the only canton adjacent to three different countries. The .htaccess file contains directives (instructions) that tell the server how to behave in certain scenarios and directly affect how your website functions. WebApr 30, 2023 - Rent from people in Lago Bianco, Switzerland from $20/night. How to find the correct spelling and folder, 404 Errors After Clicking WordPress Links, From the left-hand navigation menu in WordPress, click. Many country collections include some region level data. Change the settings back to the previous configuration (before you selected Default). Swiss citizenship is kept on three levels: the nation, the canton, and the "Heimatort," or home community. Van Leer Family Archives - Van Leer Family Archives & History More information at carschina.ch. It's a place where you have to hold your breath in amazement. With its world famous resorts Davos Klosters and Engadin St.Moritz and many other large or "small and distinct" resorts with their own personal charm, Graubnden is currently a leading provider for leisure on the international market. mi. A Graubnden family, originally from Plurs. The severe persecution inflicted on the Swiss Mennonites during the latter part of the seventeenth century and the beginning of the eighteenth, resulted in the migration of several hundred Mennonites to the Palatinate. Grisons Coat of Arms / Grisons Family Crest - 4crests.com My top region is Grisons, Switzerland. The easiest way to edit a .htaccess file for most people is through the File Manager in cPanel. The variation in the spelling of Medieval names is a result of the lack of spelling rules in the English language prior to the last few hundred years. You may get a 404 error for images because you have Hot Link Protection turned on and the domain is not on the list of authorized domains. During this time one hundred thousand Germans, largely from the Palatinate, including two thousand, five hundred Mennonites, found their way to virgin Pennsylvania. They wanted, above all else, to be true to God, as He revealed Himself in the New Testament through His Son Jesus Christ. Check the top places to visit in the region and plan your next adventure today. There had been large movements of Swiss Mennonites to the Palatinate prior to this time, especially in the first years of Anabaptism,2 but such settlements were largely destroyed by persecution and the Thirty Years War (1618-1648).3, The devastation wrought by the Thirty Years War resulted in something of a reversal of policy on the part of the Government, and several once persecuted groups were asked to return.