When letters make sounds that aren't associated w One goose, two geese. Art. The referendum's difficult procedure is in place to protect it and ensure that it is not easily changed. St. 32-628), Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (Neb.Rev.St. Art. IV, 1(4)). 130.110; 130.120; 130.029; 130.046; 130.041, Nevada: N.R.S. 48, Init., Pt. Art. 19, 1). Timeline for taking effect: 30 days after the election (Const. Timeline for collecting signatures: Petitions are valid for one year (MS Const. Several states require two officials to write or review the title and/or summary, given their importance to a ballot measure. 5, 6; 34 Okl.St.Ann. The right of candidates to spend their own money on running for office Amend. 46. Application process information: Before circulation of an initiative or referendum petition for signatures, a copy shall be submitted to the attorney general who shall prepare a title and summary of the measure as provided by law. Paid per signature: No ban, but must state employer if paid (O.R.C. Which describes one of Oregons voting registration policies? Application process information: Application form will be prescribed by the secretary of state. XVI, 2). If a citizen votes for a candidate because he or she approves of the candidate's past record, it is called All 23 popular referendum states require a simple majority to pass a popular referendum. 16-906; 16-926; 19-111; 19-124), Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but are not limited to spending reports, establishing a bank account, and quarterly and pre-election campaign finance reports (A.R.S. Eighteen months or until April 30 of the year of the next general election, whichever is earlier, for collection, and a deadline of May 1 in the year of the election that the initiative will appear on, or 18 months from the date the petitioner receives the official ballot title from the secretary of state, whichever is earlier. c. political parties Art. 168.22e; 168.476; 168.477; 168.480, Montana: MCA 13-27-401; 13-27-402; 13-27-410; 13-27-311, Nebraska: Neb. XVI, 3). Const. II, 1c). (EXAMPLE) What wording was altered in the Constitution? If more than 105% are deemed valid, the petition is deemed valid. See. 23-17-5). 2). St. 32-1407; 32-401), Ballot title and summary: Attorney general (Neb. Collected in-person: Yes (Elec. II, 1g; O.R.C. Art. The statement may not be submitted electronically (Utah Code 20A-7-305). d. all of the above. III, 3 and MGL ch. Art. Rev. 25. Const. Art. Code 18680. Which election: Next regular or general election subsequent to the 125 days after filing (OH Const. In election years, instead of biannual reports, reports are due no later than the second Monday in April, May, September and October, and no later than the Thursday before an election. Withdrawal of petition: Any time more than 70 days before the election, a majority of the members of the committee that represents the petition may withdraw the petition by providing written notice to the secretary of state (ORC 3519.08). Withdrawal process of individual signature: The person must file a sworn statement with the secretary of state any time before the petition is filed (V.A.M.S. a. personal wealth that a candidate uses. How can straight-ticket voting be seen as a strategy that affects vote choice? And, in some states, the review is purely technical; the proposal is reviewed to ensure it meets the legal requirements for format and style and adheres to drafting conventions. 2, 3). Paid per signature: May be paid but not on number of petitions circulated or signatures obtained. 3, 17(2)). 19, 2; American Civil Liberties Union of Nevada v. Loma (2006); N.R.S. Paid per signature: Yes, "No law shall be passed to prohibit any person or persons from giving or receiving compensation for circulating petitions." d. split ticket. Split-ticket voting It can be categorized as the indifference of an individual and a lack of interest in participating in political activities. 353, 354). Art. 15, 273 and Miss. Director of the Legislative Research Council prepares a fiscal note as requested. Art. Other subject restrictions: Must contain only subjects that are related or mutually dependent. Const. Reports of contributions and expenditures are due on a quarterly basis. In each of two-thirds of the congressional districts, and each petition page must only contain signatures from a singular county. Art. Number of signatures required: For constitutional amendments, 10 % of the votes cast for governor in the last election. 67-6602, 67-6607). Art. 168.472). 48, Init., Pt. Statutes for petition contents for each state: Every state includes requirements for circulators operating in the state. III, 5(1) and MCA 13-27-202). Collected in-person: Yes, "In their own proper persons only " (Const. 6, 10). Petition title and summary creation: Secretary of state and approved by attorney general (V.A.M.S. Submission deadline for signatures: By midnight (NDCC 16.1-01-09(7)) within 90 days of the date the legislation was signed by the governor and filed with the secretary of state (Const. II, 9(b) and Elec. Art. Whats it called when you dont participate in politics? Application process information: Original draft of petition must be submitted to secretary of state before circulating, including a suggested popular name; secretary of state approves and certifies both or disproves and specifies each deficiency (NMSA 1-17-8). Who creates petitions: The secretary of state creates the form and the petitions at the expense of the sponsors (W.S.1977 22-24-310; 22-24-311). Massachusetts (M.G.L.A. What is on each petition: Petition must include the full text of the measure, the affidavit of the circulator (Const. 5, 1), and 60 percent of voters in Florida (F.S.A. Omissions? b. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (Const. Reports of contributions and expenditures are due on the 21st and seventh days immediately preceding an election and the 10th day of the first full month after an election. Const. Const. Which election: Regular election (State, congressional, or municipal) or a special election called by proper official or when 15% of voters petition for one (Const. Art. b. Bush v. Gore MT CONST Art. 22-24-409). May not repeal/modify the state's Bill of Rights, amend/repeal provisions relating to the state's public employees' retirement system, amend/repeal right-to-work provision or modify the initiative process, and special rules if includes expenditures. ", Miss. Public review or notice: Public may comment on public and internet posting of measure by attorney general for 30 days and then proponents may amend the measure (Cal.Elec.Code 9002). Const. II, 1b). After certification for the ballot, the joint committee on legislative research holds a public hearing in Jefferson City to take public comments regarding the measure (V.A.M.S. Code 107). Art. Law 6-203(c)). Circulator requirements: Legal voter (RCWA 29A.72.120). Aside from single-subject rules, seven states have no additional subject restrictions on what can be in initiatives: Arkansas, Colorado, Idaho, Oklahoma, Oregon, Utah and Washington. Art. Who can sign the petition: Electors (Const. 1-40-106 and 1-40-107). 21). 295.009 with the secretary of state, and it may be amended pursuant to that statute (N.R.S. A ballot summary is prepared by Department of Legislative Services and approved by attorney general Elec. Code Ann. 16, 6; N.R.S. States have rules in place to govern what legislatures or governors can do to citizen initiatives once they pass. 19, 2), Types allowed: Direct initiative for statutes and constitutional amendments, and popular referendum. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Any person who alleges they signed as a result of fraud, coercion, or being intentional misleading as to the substance or effect of the petition, may withdraw their signature by filing an affidavit with the secretary of state any time before the secretary of state has accepted and filed the petition (Miss. Art. II, 9(c)). A state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment. Public review or notice: Thirty day comment period, with comments published along with explanatory statement and fiscal review, publicly accessible on internet and in a pamphlet. Code 9610). 100.371), Ballot title and summary: Sponsor, approved by secretary of state, reviewed by attorney general (F.S.A. In the politics of the United States, the process of initiatives and referendums allow citizens of many U.S. states to place new legislation, or to place legislation that has recently been passed by a . Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (34 OS 6). Where to file with: Secretary of state (MCA 13-27-202). Must register organization (5 ILCS 20, 10 ILCS 5/28-9). III, 4). For example, constitutional amendments proposed by legislatures in most of the states of the United States are subject to obligatory referendum. LXXIV, 2 and M.G.L.A. Must be submitted to the local registrars two weeks before submission to secretary of state (M.G.L.A. First, they tend to be much shorteran average of 90 days. 1(5)). Petition title and summary creation: Attorney general (I.C. Disclosure reports must be filed 60 days before the election, on the fifth and 20th day of each month until the election, the 20th day of November after the election and the 20th of January each year. Art. Then, select a topic from the column at the left for comprehensive information or select a state in the map for state-specific information. Direct democracies may operate through an assembly of citizens or by means of referenda and initiatives in which citizens vote on issues instead of for candidates or parties. Eight% of votes cast for the office of governor at last regular gubernatorial election prior to submission of the signatures for verification. Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: No act, law or bill subject to referendum shall take effect until 90 days after the adjournment of the session at which it was enacted (Const. 168.544c). Veto referendum. Verification: The secretary of state shall by rule designate a statistical sampling technique to verify whether a petition contains the required number of signatures (ORS 250.105). Const. II, 9(b) and Elec. Code 16.1-01-10). 15, 273). Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (Const. received, the candidates are running under a __________ system. Details on who or which offices writes the title and summary are listed below. 53 22A and M.G.L.A. 116.080).. Circulator oaths or affidavit required: Yes (Mo.Rev. The committee must report on Jan. 15 of an election year all expenditures in excess of $1,000 or cumulative expenditures to one recipient in excess of $1,000 in the previous calendar year. XVI, 4). 19, 2). Signatures must be submitted by 5 p.m. on the 90th day after final adjournment of the legislature (34 OS 8). Verification: Direct initiatives are turned into the county clerk of the county in which the initiative packet was circulate. These serve as the ballot title. b. plurality The petitions must be signed by registered voters in an amount equal to 5% of the votes cast for all candidates for Governor at the last gubernatorial election, which was held on November 8, 2022. I consent to the use of following cookies: Necessary cookies help make a website usable by enabling basic functions like page navigation and access to secure areas of the website. 3, 1 and Const. Where to file: Secretary of state (Const. Verification: Random sampling (CRS 1-40-116). This meant that Commonwealth Parliament has an increase in law-making power. Art. Public review or notice: A pamphlet containing titles, summaries, arguments or explanations for and against each measure and alternative (sponsors may prepare their own arguments/explanations, otherwise the Secretary of State will). Art. Art. Application process information: Not specified. Circulator requirements: US citizen and at least 18 years old (CRS 1-40-112). Fifteen states follow a single-subject rule: Nine states do not have a single-subject rule: Arkansas, Idaho, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, North Dakota and South Dakota. Proponent organization and requirements: The cover of an initiative or referendum petition shall designate the name and residence address of not more than three persons as chief petitioners (ORS 250.045(6)). Art. XVI, 4). 12; 25. Withdrawal of petition: Only before submissions (10 ILCS 5/28-3), Petition title and summary creation: Proponents, no statute (ILCS Const. Political committees must file a statement of organization. Petition title and summary creation: Secretary of state drafts a short and concise statement that fairly represents the proposal; approved by the attorney general (NDCC 16.1-01-09). Art. Considered a committee if individual raises or spends more than $5,000. And published in newspaper (F.S.A. 19, 3; N.R.S. 14, 3 and see Coalition for Political Honesty v. State Board of Elections (1976). 1(9) and A.R.S. Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: No (Const. Verification: Random sampling (SDCL 2-1-16). Art. Code 9006). What is a Referendum? 6, Gen. Who creates petitions: Petition filed by proponents is certified by attorney general, ballot board, and secretary of state (O.R.C. 34-1801a, 34-1804, 34-1809). Art. 3, 17(1)). Art. 19-112; 19-121.01). 5, 1), Ballot title and summary: Title board (C.R.S.A. Number of signatures required: 10% of those who voted in the preceding general election (AS 15.45.370(2)(A)). An example of an advisory referendum is Question 5, which appeared on the Rhode Island ballot in 2002. What is on each petition: Form of the petition is prescribed by the State Board of Elections. Art. Repeal or change restrictions: Amend or repeal must be approved by voters, unless the original measure permits amendment or repeal without voter approval (Cal.Const. Rev. outside donations. Const. Const. Collected in-person: In the circulator's presence (V.A.M.S. Art. Art. Who creates petitions: The secretary of state prepares a "signature form (that) includes provisions for identification of the measure; the printed name, signature, and address of the committee member; and notarization of the signature" (NDCC, 16.1-01-07). Const. Art. Const. A statement must be filed by a ballot issue committee supporting or opposing a measure not more than 35 days after the petition is filed. Art. Art. II, 1g and ORC 3519.16(F)). Monthly reports are due on the 10th for any preceding month in which total contributions received or total expenditures made exceed $200. How long a citizen must reside in a state before becoming eligible to vote. Petition title and summary creation: Attorney general, after receiving written comments from the Legislative Research Council (SDCL 12-13-25.1), What is on each petition: Secretary of state reviews the petitions and each shall contain the full text of the initiative, the date of the general election it is to be voted on, the title and explanation prepared by the attorney general, accompanied by a notarized affidavit signed by each person who is a sponsor, and accompanied by statement of organization. 2, 8). A referendum is broadly defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as "a general vote by the electorate on a single political question"; however this definition fails to make distinctions between the many types of referendum which exist, or the modern day importance of referendums. Law 13-202). Four states require measures to pass with a majority of voters, but the measures must also have been voted upon by a certain percentage of the total number of voters who voted in that election. In the others, the measure goes directly to the ballot after it is submitted to the legislature. II, 1b), Types allowed: Direct statutory and constitutional amendment initiatives, and popular referendum, Single subject rule: Yes (OK Const. Reports of contributions and expenditures are due on the 12th day before an election, the 38th day after an election and the last business day of January and July of every year. Art. May also post in newspaper (21-A M.R.S.A. Verification: Counts total number and then takes 5 % random sample to verify signature accuracy (A.R.S. Const. If neither receives majority, the one receiving the most votes, if it receives more than one-third of the votes given for or against both, will appear at the next statewide election to be held not less than 60 days after the vote (M.R.S.A. III, 52(b)). Stat. 15, 273), Who can sign the petition: Qualified electors (MS Const. Fiscal review: The financial estimate committee will estimate costs and consult with the legislative revenue officer (O.R.S. 4, 1, Pt. Timeline for collecting signatures: Once the petition is approved and a serial number is issued, sponsors have until 5 p.m. on the 90th day after the legislature session adjourns. Art. 19, 2). Number of signatures required: 5% of the total votes cast for governor at the last election (Const. a. proportional representation system Withdrawal of petition: One of three authorized people must submit a notice of withdrawal with the secretary of state (N.R.S. 34-1802). * See also: 2011 N.D. Op.Atty.Gen. Ballot title and summary: The secretary of state and the attorney general also jointly make a more descriptive ballot question summary to be sent to voters. The wording on the ballot must read: The legislature passed . submission of the petitions to the state elections official, who must verify the number of signatures. The primary responsibility for conducting public elections rests with, 5. The lieutenant governor has seven calendar days after receiving the application to certify or deny it (AS 15.45.300). Repeal or change restrictions: Normal amendment referendum required. 116.332). 19, 3; N.R.S. Art. 21 1), and by 5 p.m. on final day (A.R.S. Who creates petitions: Secretary of state (ORC 3519.05(C)). Referendum is a Latin word, but its modern meaning only dates from the 19th century, when a new constitution adopted by Switzerland stated that the voters could vote directly on certain issues. There has been one exception: The case Initiative and Referendum Institute v. Jaeger (2001) in North Dakota upheld the ban on paying per signature. Const. 1953 20A-7-702; 20A-7-204.1; 20A-7-701-706, Washington: RCWA 29A.32.010; 29A.32.031; 29A.32.040; 29A.32.070; 29A.32.080, Arkansas (Arkansas Const. II, 9). Where to file: Secretary of state (Const. 3, 17). What is a referendum? The popular referendum is a measure that appears on the ballot as a result of a voter petition drive and is similar to the initiative in that both are triggered by petitions, but there are important differences. 34-1803B). Const. In odd-numbered years, year-end reports are required. The two samples must total at least 5 % of the signatures submitted. Art. Repeal or change restrictions: No veto and only a majority of voters to overturn amendments, not 55 % (C.R.S.A. 1953 20A-7-203 and include notice to signers, date, room for signatures, title of the initiative, the fiscal impact statement, a warning, language about a tax increase if applicable, and signed verification by the circulator (U.C.A. Art. 19-123), General review of petition: Proponents may submit proposed bill to director of the legislative council for review (A.R.S. 5, 1; C.R.S.A. Art. 19, 2), Ballot title and summary: Secretary of state, in consultation with the attorney general (N.R.S. Circulator requirements: Must be 18 years old and an Ohio resident (O.R.C. 7-9-108). Circulator oaths or affidavits: Yes (NDCC Const. The legislature may submit a competing measure to the ballot (M.G.L.A. 250.045). 3, 52(c)(ii). Submission deadline for signatures: 90 days after the final adjournment of the session in which it was passed, except when a recess or adjournment shall be taken temporarily for a longer period than 90 days, in which case such petition shall be filed not later than 90 days after such recess or temporary adjournment (Const. 1-40-105). General review of petition: Within 20 days after initial petition filing, attorney general reviews and recommends revisions in an advisory capacity. Art. IV, 1(3)). In order to suspend effectiveness of the act pending a vote, signature requirement is 10% (Const. Art. Art. Const. 42. Prov., 3). 4, 1, Pt. Then the legislature rejects or accepts the proposition unchanged (U.C.A. Where to file: Secretary of state (Const. 3, 18). Legislature may amend with three-fourths vote but only to further the purpose of the measure (A.R.S. 250.048; OR CONST Art. Reports of contributions and expenditures are due by the 15th of every April and October. M.C.L.A. 14, 3 and see Coalition for Political Honesty v. State Board of Elections (1976)). Signatures must be filed one year prior to the election. 48, Init., Pt. Proponent organization and requirements: The sponsors must delegate a committee of three to five people to represent them, and must file if any signature gatherers will be paid (O.R.C. Art. Proponent organization and requirements: Must file as political committee (F.S.A. Art. Cannot have been found guilty of a criminal felony or a violation of election laws, fraud, forgery or identification theft, Cannot have been convicted of or pled guilty to crimes involving forgery. 3, 3; NDCC, 16.1-01-09). Circulator requirements: Resident,18 years old and paid circulators must wear badges (U.C.A. Repeal or change restrictions: Governor may not veto. 15% of the total vote cast in the last election in at least of two-thirds of the counties. Paid circulators must, prior to circulating petitions, sign a statement certifying they acknowledge that it is a misdemeanor to allow signatures on a petition to be used for any purpose other than qualifying a measure for the ballot (Elec. 5% of the whole number of votes cast for governor in the last election. 48, Init., Pt. Paid circulators must file an affidavit with secretary of state indicating they are paid before circulating a petition (MCL 168.482a) NOTE: The affidavit requirement has been declared unconstitutional and nonbinding by AG opinion 7310, May 2019.