Census data for 1860 was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data We can be contacted at wiki@genealogicalstudies.com. Check the County Records Microfilm Catalog under the name of the county and Superior Court Minutes. Where did the freed slaves go if they did not stay in the same U.S.A. 2023 University System of Georgia Statista. Franklin County, included the following: Georgia, up 80,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); Should statues of slaveholders be taken down? (January 1, 2020). detailed, searchable and highly recommended database that can found at http://fisher.lib.virginia.edu/census/ . supposed to be named on the 1860 slave schedule, but there were only 1,570 slaves of such age Using the 1880 census to identify families, The 1870 census: the first after emancipation, African Americans in the U.S. Federal Census, 1870-1890 - International Institute, The International Institute for Genealogical Studies, The International Institute of Genealogical Studies, National Archives and Records Administration, https://www.familysearch.org/en/wiki/index.php?title=African_Americans_in_the_U.S._Federal_Census,_1870-1890_-_International_Institute&oldid=5300326. Some of these former slaves may have been using the surname of their 1860 slaveholder at the time of The 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and slaveholders. U.S. Bureau of the Census: Population Schedules, 1870-1940. We give all the sources so you can expand and add to it. Maps can't tell us everything, but they can help, especially interactive web maps that can zoom in and out, represent more than one subject, and be set in motion to show change over time. Data last accessed in August 2020. What happened, not Susan and I, but some other scholars said we have to treat this systematically. enumerated with the same surname. To learn more about this course or other courses available from the Institute, see our website. To use individual functions (e.g., mark statistics as favourites, set significant increases in colored population during that time, and were therefore more likely possible places of relocation for Steven Deyle has written a recent history of the domestic slave trade in Carry Me Back: The Domestic Slave Trade in American Life (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005); the figures cited above are from page 289. You should check the state archives or historical societies for the availability of these alternate records in the counties and states in which you are researching. ELLIOTT: That's economic historian Susan Carter. S., 75 slaves, Harris page 208B, HOLDEN, Benj., 34 slaves, Franklinton page 180B, HOLDEN, Richd., 21 slaves, Franklinton page 180B, JEFFREYS, Robt. Though thematic mapping had its origins in the 19th century, the technique is useful for understanding history in our own day. Initially the islands often were settled as well by numerous indentured labourers and other Europeans, but following the triumph after 1645 of the sugar revolution (initially undertaken because superior Virginia Check the County Records Microfilm Catalog under Ordinary Court records. Reconstruction Registration Oath Books, 1867, RG 1-1-107: Lists name, race, date of registration, and county of residence. Identifying the larger family groups of families during this period is essential to conducting any further research. been counted in each County. The last U.S. census slave schedules were Cookie Policy 38% of what the colored population had been 100 years before.) Slave Schedules, 1850 and 1860: On these separate Slave Schedules for 1850 and 1860, the name of each slave owner is listed with the number of slaves owned, and number of slaves manumitted (if any). Researchers interested in the African-American experience in Georgia should be aware and look for the terms Colored and/or Negro.. Cotton could be grown profitably on smaller plots than could sugar, with the result that in 1860 the average cotton plantation had only about 35 slaves, not all of whom produced cotton. ELLIOTT: Now the work in your volumes can also help resolve historical disputes. Thos., 42 slaves, Harris page 206, DAVIS, Isaac, 26 slaves, Harris page 213B, DAVIS, John G., 66 slaves, Harris page 219, DAVIS, Wm. NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by an NPR contractor. slightly lower because some large holders held slaves in more than one County and would have Immediately after the Civil War employers are often listed. (Georgia Archives Microfilm #91/72). Illiteracy rates among the non-white population fell from 80 percent in 1870 to just 30 percent in 1910. If an African sense of the extent of slavery in the ancestral County, particularly for those who have never viewed a slave census. LARGEST SLAVEHOLDERS FROM 1860 SLAVE CENSUS SCHEDULES, SURNAME MATCHES FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS ON 1870 CENSUS. colored population in South Carolina remained about the same in 1870 as it was in 1860. It is the first census to name all former slaves. County Property Tax Digests, 1789-2001 (RG 34-6-1) and microfilm. Slaves were enumerated in 1860 without giving their names, only their sex and age County? With the official blessing of the U.S. Census Bureau, she and her husband, Richard Sutch, led a team of 80 scholars to compile historical statistics. However, occasionally you will discover that your family underwent a name change between 1870 and 1880. U.S. Department of the Navy: Correspondence of the Secretary of the Navy Relating to African Colonization, 1819-1844. PLANTATION NAMES. about 1 in 70 being a slaveholder. Linking names of plantations in this County with the names of the large holders on this list should not be a difficult research census was enumerated. In 1860, the eighth census counted 3,953,760. Who was the first African American to graduate from Harvard? ", Slave Voyages, Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1150475/number-slaves-taken-from-africa-by-region-century/ (last visited May 01, 2023), Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866 [Graph], Slave Voyages, January 1, 2020. (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County Americans on the 1870 census who were enumerated with the same surname. S.?, 42 slaves, Harris page 211, FOSTER, Elizabeth, 50 slaves, Harris page 211B, FOSTER, Mariah, 24 slaves, Harris page 204, GILL, Robert, 24 slaves, Harris page 212B, GREEN, Dr. slaveholder. purposes. and indication of any handicaps, such as deaf or blind Slaves 100 years of age or older were the first page number on which they were listed. was a slave on the 1860 census, the free census for 1860 should be checked, as almost 11% of African Americans were WebDistribution of Slaves in 1860 In 1861, in an attempt to raise money for sick and wounded soldiers, the Census Office produced and sold a map that showed the population Annual GDP growth for the United States 1930-2021, Number of executive orders signed by U.S. presidents 1789-2022, Winning margins for votes in U.S. presidential elections 1789-2020, Number of jobs created by sitting president U.S. 1933-2022. Accuracy and availability may vary. Excluding slaves, the 1860 U.S. population was 27,167,529, with about 1 in 70 being a The data collected are used to calculate the number of seats given to each state Another way to locate more information is by using the 1890 veterans schedule if your ancestor was a Civil War soldier. The process of publication of slaveholder names beginning with larger slaveholders will enable naming of the holders The Freedmans Bank records provide easily-accessible information, often identifying multiple generations of family members and even the names of the slave owner and plantations of former slaves. the source or at the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise. WebSlaves names were not recorded in the U.S. Census until after the war, in 1870. Slaves were 191, WILLIAMSON, Tempy, 72 slaves, Harris page 207B, YARBRO, Jas. And then the amazing thing is that if you follow the families from census to census, you find that the adults are ultimately becoming literate probably because their children, who had learned how to read and write in school, were going home and teaching their parents what they had learned themselves. before.). Tobacco initially was the profitable crop that occupied most slaves in the Chesapeake. Slave Voyages. the census page), the number of slaves they held in the County where the slaves were enumerated and the first census page County? 1870 U.S. Census - Calvin Kelly household - Enlarged 1870 U.S. Census, Navarro County, Texas, population schedule, Beat 1, Corsicana post office, page 1, dwelling 3, family 3, Calvin Kelly household; digital images, Ancestry.com; citing NARA microfilm publication M593, FS Library Film roll 1600. Owner Franklinton NC, Wm . In 1840, the slave population reached its peak of nearly 59,000 people; by 1860, there were 37,000 enslaved people, just 63 percent as many slaves as two decades earlier. County, South Carolina census for 1860 and not know whether that person was also listed as a slaveholder on the slave WebReconstruction (1865-1877), the turbulent era following the Civil War, was the effort to reintegrate Southern states from the Confederacy and 4 million newly-freed people into City Directories: Available mainly for Atlanta (1853-1990), but a few are available for other cities in Georgia. Abraham Lincoln consulted it throughout the Civil War. About Us | Contact Us | Copyright | Report Inappropriate Material Names of slaves were not entered. Wm., 56 slaves, Harris page 220B, GREEN, John, 54 slaves, Franklinton page 180, GREEN, Wm. If this is the case, you must qualify any statements regarding the family relationships with terms like probably or possibly. all. The estate records of a slave holder who died before emancipation may list slaves by name. 1860 slaveholder. Sutch and Carter tell Debbie Elliott what numbers reveal about literacy among freed slaves and the frequency of lynchings in the South. increases (from around 10% to 50%): Craven; Edgecombe; Granville, Mecklenberg; New Researching the late nineteenth century, from Reconstruction immediately following the Civil War to the eve of the twentieth century, can be both a blessing and a curse for many African American families. Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866 [Graph]. To help show the big patterns of American slavery, I have created an interactive map of the spread of slavery. Apprenticeship/Indenture Registers, 1800-1930: These records primarily document freedmen, but also document whites, and may be integrated in Probate Court minutes or other records. Web, Jun 21, 2022 Throughout the history of the transatlantic slave trade, approximately 5.7 million of the 12.5 million African slaves who embarked on slave ships did so in ports Church minutes usually list members, and often indicate race and legal status (free or slave). Available for 11 counties: Camden, Columbia, Elbert, Franklin, Jackson, Morgan, Oglethorpe, Pulaski, Richmond, Warren, and Wilkes. 5800 Jonesboro Road (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County approximately 392,000, an 8% increase, with these Counties being some that showed significant (Georgia Archives Microfilm #231/6-15) This microfilm publication reproduces three bound volumes and some unbound records of the Office of the Secretary of the Interior relating to the suppression of the slave trade and the colonization of recaptured and free blacks. ELLIOTT: Well, we decided to dig deeper by asking Richard Sutch and Susan Carter what caused such a rapid rise in literacy rates after the Civil War. Based on the population statistics gathered in the 1860 Census, and certified by the superintendent of the Census Office, the map depicted the percentage of the population enslaved in each county. It should be noted however, that in comparing census data obtained using Heritage Quests CD African-Americans in the 1870 U.S. Federal Census, was listed as having 6,581 whites, only about 42% of the 1860 figure, and the 1960 total of 9,153 "Negroes"was only about Alabama, up 37,000 (8%); Florida, up 29,000 (46%); Ohio, up 26,000 (70%); Indiana, up 25,000 Franklin County, included the following: Georgia, up 80,000 (17%); Texas, up 70,000 (38%); If you are an admin, please authenticate by logging in again. 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But Harvey Amani Whitfield has shown that some Vermont African Americans were held in bondage. task, but it is beyond the scope of this transcription. Nor can these maps express anything of the pain of the whip or the escape to freedom, of the exhaustion of labor or the sounds of preaching and shouting at a religious gathering: for that one must read any of scores of excellent histories. What did you find? available through Heritage Quest at. BEASELEY, T. P. Agent, 65 slaves, page 381B, BONES, Jno. This animation shows the free African American population from 1790 to 1860. and 1870, so likely that is where many went. Initially slaves were imported because of a labour shortage, aggravated by the high death rate of the indigenous population after the introduction of European diseases in the early 16th century. This is a very important distinction, for you cannot assume these relationships without additional evidence. January 1, 2020. The U.S. Census is usually the starting point for any genealogical research, as (theoretically) all residents of the United States were counted or enumerated. TERMINOLOGY. WebThe 1860 U.S. Census was the last U.S. census showing slaves and slaveholders. " The data map was an instrument of government, as well as a new technology for representing knowledge. In many counties, the County Courts were primarily used to try freedmen. census, because published indexes almost always do not include the slave census. By the time of the next census, in 1870, slavery had been ended. Please do not hesitate to contact me. But what's in a statistic? 1522: A major slave rebellion breaks out on the island of Hispaniola. of 1,543 slaveholders, and those slaveholders have not been included here. list is a separate list of the surnames of the holders with information on numbers of African When looking at the population density of all free persons (below in 1860), large swathes of the South appear virtually depopulated. Negroeswas about 1.7 times more than what the colored population had been 100 years (As a side note, by 1960, 100 years later, the County was should be checked, as almost 11% of African Americans were enumerated as free in 1860, with Though the census schedules speak in terms of slave owners, the In Brazil, where sugar had been tried even before its planting in the Caribbean, the coffee bush was imported from Arabia or Ethiopia via Indonesia, and it had an impact similar to that of sugar in the Caribbean. One such report is located at this Census Bureau page on Slavery. 1870 U.S. Census - Calvin Kelly household. These collections are available by denomination, by geographic location, and under the subject heading Afro-AmericansChurches & Synagogues. For example, the Census did not count any slaves in Vermont, which abolished slavery in its 1777 constitution. If you cannot find your family in 1870, try looking for their given names rather than just the surname. This transcription includes 138 slaveholders who held 40 or more slaves in Edgefield County, Plantation names were not shown on the census. This page has been viewed 13,839 times (38 via redirect). In the 1850 and 1860 censuses, there were separate slave schedules kept, but in almost every case indexes almost always do not include the slave census. In North Carolina in 1860 there were 311 farms of 1,000 Initially the islands often were settled as well by numerous indentured labourers and other Europeans, but following the triumph after 1645 of the sugar revolution (initially undertaken because superior Virginia tobacco had left the Barbadian planters with nothing to sell) and after the nature of the disease climate became known to Europeans, they came to be inhabited almost exclusively by imported African slaves. However, the first consideration in accessing records is provenance, that is, the agency or person creating the document. lower because some large holders held slaves in more than one County and they would have been counted as a separate Most notable in this collection are the WPA surveys of cemeteries, church records, county records, various publications, manuscript collections and the surveys of other states. Use Ask Statista Research Service. D., 50 slaves, Harris page 207, WILLIAMS, Wm. In the South, the percentage of the population that was enslaved was extraordinarily high: over 70 percent in most counties along the Mississippi River and parts of the South Carolina and Georgia coast. and living in County), WILLIAMS, 28865, 2061, 54, 2969, 1967, 53. Adjutant Generals Office (RG 22) Georgia Army National Guard Miscellaneous Records, RG 22-1-10 [Note: These records are scattered throughout this section and do not appear in one single folder.] The process of D., 50 slaves, Harris page 203B, CRUDUP, E. A., 53 slaves, Dunns page 179, DAVIS, A. H., N. Massenburg Exr. Willie?, 70 slaves, Harris page 202, PERSON, Antny A., 28 slaves, Harris page 215B, PERSON, Presley C., 24 slaves, Franklinton page 182, PERSON, Thos. Before presuming an African American was a slave on the 1860 census, the free census for 1860 Census data for 1860 was obtained from the Historical United States Census Data Browser, which is a very Many records for African Americans were kept separately from other records and maintained with less vigor, leading to some record loss. Other records that list residents in an area are often described as census substitutes. These records include tax lists, voter registration lists, and city directories. Advertising Notice U.S. on this list is beyond the scope of this transcription. Records from these courts are available for 54 counties. Please create an employee account to be able to mark statistics as favorites. Whether or not the ancestor is found to have been a slaveholder, a viewing of the slave census will provide an informed So at the 1870 census a black man who reported he could not read or write by 1880 was now reporting that he could read and write. By 1870, freedmen and whites produced as much cotton as the South produced in the slave time of 1860. Before presuming an African American Sr., 21 slaves, Harris page 203, RODWELL, Robert, 24 slaves, Harris page 220, RUFFIN, Mary, 22 slaves, Galloway page 188B, SLOTH?, Thos. Owner, J. H. Hughes employer, 57 slaves, page 452B, BROWNING, T. B. holders of the most slaves with the least amount of transcription work. In South Carolina in 1860 there were 482 farms Roll 1230) reportedly includes a total of 24,060 slaves, which ranks as the fourth highest total in the State and the sixth The total number of slaves in the eastern seaboard states did, however, grow slowly over time, but not at anything like the rate of growth for free people in the North. We welcome updates and additions to this Wiki page. held by Rambo on 481B. 15,653 whites, 173 "free colored" and 24,060 slaves. further research by those seeking to make connections between slaves and holders. changed through the years and because the sizeable number of large farms must have resulted in formation of Vance County. Many of these that date prior to 1900 are available on FamilySearch.org. This schedule will help by identifying the details of your ancestors military service. listed as having 15,993 whites, about a 2.5 times increase, while the 1960 total of 12,718 WebFederal Slave Census Schedules, 18501860 Exist for Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey (1850 only), North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah Territory, and This is the first significant uprising of African slaves. the time of the source, with African American being used otherwise. TERMINOLOGY. E., 28 slaves, Harris page 200B, THOMAS, Jos. Population. | READ MORE, Lincoln Mullen is a historian of American religions. Those who have found a free ancestor on the 1860 Edgefield County, South Carolina census can check this list to learn if SOURCES. Racially related terms such as African American, black, mulatto and colored are used as in The term "County" is used to describe the main subdivisions of the State by which the idea of the surname of the slaveholder, can check this list for the surname. The total population included 3,953,762 slaves. Your Privacy Rights In the 1870 and 1880 U.S. Federal Censuses, African Americans were 5 Roles (Georgia Archives Microfilm #231 /1-5) This microfilm publication reproduces the seven volumes (eight bound parts) of records compiled for publication by the Colored Troops Division of the Adjutant Generals Office. The unceasing spread of slavery provoked political crises, eventually leading to the Civil War. 1870 U.S. Census, Navarro County, Texas, population schedule, Beat 1, Corsicana post office, page 1, dwelling 3, family 3, Calvin Kelly household; digital images, Ancestry.com; citing NARA microfilm publication M593, FS Library Film roll 1600.
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