Overall, Symphony No. Fluency will be assured throughout, not just in the first section and there will be dynamic variety as well as careful balance between hands. The score calls for two flutes, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, one timpani, and a string section featuring multiple violins, violas, cellos, and double basses. Haydn had a humorous personality and would often portray that humor in his music. 94 in G "Surprise" by Joseph Hayden. For his part, Haydn was not inclined to quarrel with the naming of his work, since the entire Symphony, and particularly the second movement, was the large success he wanted it to be. Select all the accurate statements about meter and dynamics in the clip and the kind of mood they create. You already know some of the instruments in the orchestra. Haydn was one of the most influential musicians of his day, a leader in the Classical era of Western music who defined the string quartet and is regarded as the founder of the modern symphony. It sometimes blend with the other color (green in particular) because the passage sometimes fall on similar pitches, that's why the colors blend making it yellow-green. (2nd one), Tempo: slower Positioning the hands sufficiently high over the keys then dropping the fingers with a flexible wrist 'pecking' action will help with articulating the notes cleanly. The present Symphony, like all of the Salomon set except No. Drag and drop the appropriate words that describe the excerpt from Haydn's Symphony No. -With the exception of the second variation, most of the movement is in a major key. There was more melody driven music with homophonic texture. . See the, Evolution of Timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries, International Music Score Library Project, Wikipedia article "Symphony_No._94_(Haydn)". The symphony became known as the 'Surprise Symphony' due to the sudden, loud chord for full orchestra that appears to have been intended to wake up the sleepy audience to make them pay attention to the music! Haydn was treated as a celebrity, while he was living in London, because his music was very popular. In this movement, the pace is gradual, peaceful, and tranquil. Create your account. The second movement of this symphony is one of Haydn's . A key component of Haydns music is the development of larger structures out of short, simple motifs, which resulted from standard accompanying figures. It premiered in London, England, to great acclaim. The Surprise Symphony was one of many symphonies for Haydn. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Evolution of timpani in the 18th and 19th centuries, "Instrumental Haydn's Surprise Symphony", International Music Score Library Project, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Symphony_No._94_(Haydn)&oldid=1093467580, This page was last edited on 16 June 2022, at 20:32. Please come see my blog and leave me any comment! An excellent performance will show the elegance of the music and yet give an element of surprise when the loud chord is played. (3rd one) W: 4th The symphony became known as the 'Surprise Symphony' due to the sudden, loud chord for full orchestra that appears to have been intended to wake up the sleepy audience to make them pay attention to the music! There was a change in audience, and that created a change in music. Meter: duple, Match the descriptive words or phrases with the different elements of music as found in this excerpt from Haydn's Symphony No. Which of the following statements regarding the second movement of Symphony No. T/F, Which of the following statements describe this excerpt from the second movement of Haydn's Symphony No. It is split into four movements, each of which explores specific musical themes. Whatever Haydns motivation, the episode ultimately earned for the work its everlasting nickname, Surprise Symphonyin English. The required articulation should be used right from the start, not added when the notes and rhythms are known. The important musical events of a movement can unfold quickly as his music is frequently formally concentrated. sounded in every throat, and Pleyel himself complimented me on my idea.[1]. The tempo, allegro molto (very quickly), is of note since it marks the historical shift away from the old minuet (which was played at a slower, danceable, tempo) toward the scherzo; by his last quartets Haydn had started marking his minuets presto. Thats the kind of composer he was. Surprise Symphony, byname of Symphony No. Select all the statements about the section and its mood and dynamic level. 94. 94 in G major (Hoboken 1/94) is the second of the twelve so-called London symphonies (numbers 93-104) written by Joseph Haydn. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. There is a requirement to bring out the LH in Bars 9 - 16, keeping the RH quieter. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. The andante movement was particularly admired. 4 in G majorAnton Heiller, Haydn, F.J.Concerto for 2 Horns in E-flat MajorUnifour Brass Ensemble, Haydn, F.J.Symphony no. 94 in G Major is about 23 minutes of expectation subversion, interplay between tempos and sections of the orchestra, and some very demanding technical sections that reveal Haydn's confidence in the London orchestra. Visita nuestra pgina web en espaol. Which of the following statements describe this excerpt from the second movement of Haydn's Symphony No. Y: coda Four variations of the theme follow, starting with embellishment in sixteenth notes by the first violins, moving to a stormy variation in C minor with trumpets and timpani, followed by solos for the first oboist and flautist, and concluding with a sweeping and lyrical forte repeat in triplets. 94 and which do not? 95, begins with a slow, atmospheric introduction. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Which of the following statements describe this excerpt from the second movement of Haydn's Symphony No. The major drama Franz Joseph Haydn was the oldest of the three main composers of the Classical era. Haydn's Surprise Symphony was first performed in London, England in 1792. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. The Surprise Symphony is scored for a Classical-era orchestra consisting of two each of flutes, oboes, bassoons, horns, trumpets, plus timpani, and the usual string section consisting of violins (first and second), violas, cellos, and double basses. It was simple, profound, and sublime. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The second movement is the one that features the surprise. You can. As u/SeekerD explained, Hisoka did not heal his arms in his match against Kastro: he simply reattached them with Bungee Gum and enveloped the wound in . The Surprise Symphony does in fact contain a noteworthy surprise. One account claims that Haydn thought it would be funny to make the ladies jump with an unexpected loud noise. Haydn used the traditional form in a general way, but his breaking of it did not result in an avoidance of the work, of of him. The theme is played by oboe instead of violin. One cannot, however, fail to mention the amazing coda, where the simple theme in the winds takes on a wonderfully Romantic hue through the provocative and misty harmonies in the strings. I know that I had never heard this symphony before this class. He pioneered the structure, and his popularity was such that other composers, including Mozart and Beethoven, chose his work as their model for how a symphony should be composed. 94 in G Major was one of these symphonies, which debuted in London on March 23rd of 1791. The rhythm is a contagious pulsating rhythm which appears to have a metered beat that one can follow. So, why was this one nicknamed the ''Surprise Symphony?'' The opening minuet section features three smaller parts: a, b, and a' (variation of a). The original draft of the composition did not include the surprise chord; it seems to have been something Haydn added on a whim, shortly before the premiere. Your email address will not be published. Symphony No. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. 94, which is popularly known as the "Surprise Symphony." How does Haydn. Beyond such colourful anecdotes, the four-movement symphony follows a structure that was, at the time, still considered novel: it begins with a generally lively movement that offers several contrasting melodies; the second movement proceeds at a gentler pace, though with the moment of surprise; and the third movement is dance-flavoured, specifically resembling the then-popular minuet, a predecessor of the waltz. Each variation is usually about the same length as the theme. Finale: Allegro molto (G major)Haydn wrote the symphony in 1791 in London for a concert series he gave during the first of his visits to England (17911792). 94, II. 94, 'Surprise', 2nd. Haydn composed Symphony No. It was the second of twelve pieces that make up Haydn's London Symphonies, which. . The composer Charles Ives wrote a parody of the second movement in 1909, penning the words "Nice little easy sugar-plum sounds" under the opening notes. It was a good way to keep everybody on the edge of your seat and not knowing when it was going to happen again. The (fourth) variation features a fortissimo statement of the A section of the theme by full orchestra with (offbeat) accents. Joseph Haydn:Symphony No. 8. Then drag the corresponding card to the appropriate term on the right. In which variation does Haydn briefly switch to a minor key? Instrumentation. 5 in F majorMonica Alianello, Haydn, F.J.Violin concerto no. But I think overall this was a good blog. A key component of Haydn's music is the development of larger structures out of short, simple motifs, which resulted from standard accompanying figures. There is such a beautiful melody, a great change of pace, and a loud surprise that makes you jump out of your seat. The fracturing of traditional form that this suprise creates is, for me, perhaps the most interesting thing about it. All right, let's take a moment to review what we've learned. 94 are true and which are not? Haydn's music contains many jokes, and the Surprise Symphony includes probably the most famous of all: a sudden fortissimo chord at the end of the otherwise piano opening theme in the variation-form second movement. Composition: Symphony No. His music was already popular in England, so a new patron appeared after the death of Esterhzy and asked Haydn to come to London for two seasons. 3. Line 3 may be taken cautiously but continuity will be basically reliable with few slips. The third movement is a minuet and trio, in ternary form in the tonic key (G major). The premiere took place at the Hanover Square Rooms in London on March 23, 1792, with Haydn leading the orchestra seated at a fortepiano.Haydn's music contains many jokes, and the Surprise Symphony includes probably the most famous of all: a sudden fortissimo chord at the end of the otherwise piano opening theme in the variation-form second movement. Which of the following phrases or words apply to the second movement of Haydn's Symphony No. The first section outlines a triad, while the second section is more disjunct. Good or bad, any input is good input, thanks! A more appropriate name for the work, if one were really needed, is that adopted by German audiences: mit dem Paukenschlag with the drum stroke. In Haydn's old age, his biographer Georg August Griesinger asked him whether he wrote this "surprise" to awaken the audience. The piece gained fame when the composer himself, while serving as conductor, impulsively altered the dynamics of the second movement. this symphony got this nickname beacuse it had a startlingly loud chordthat interrupts the otherwise soft and gentle flow of the second movement. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. As the crowd quickly found out, it was full of surprises, showcasing Haydn's wit and ability to play with audience's expectations. 2. The audience wanted a predictability of repetition and contrast in music in public concerts so they could understand it. Wayang kulit was performed in royal court and widely performed in public on religious occasions. . The work was popular at its premiere. Tone & Texture. The premiere took place at the Hanover Square Rooms in London on March 23, 1792, with Haydn leading the orchestra seated at a fortepiano. The tone should never be forced however, reaching only forte here, not fortissimo. Performances of the Surprise Symphony last about 23 minutes. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. 94 is lively, fun, and full of quirks, but not much more so than any other of Haydn's works. Which description applies to the theme-and-variations form of the classical period? All rights reserved. -The harmony changes to a minor key, at least temporarily. The closing minuet is played straight through without repetition. A little detail may be evident and the 'surprise' chord will be played loudly. Fanatics of classical music obviously know about this, but I am guessing for a lot of people, they have never heard this. You may have even heard of surprise proposals. The four-movement symphony is full of surprises, none more so than a random crescendo in the quiet and peaceful second movement, an unexpected chord that earned the entire work the moniker the ''Surprise Symphony.'' He and his musicians forged ahead with the little theme until reaching its final chord, for which Haydn cued an immense fortissimo (loud tone), bringing the drowsy patron to his feet. When they're marked, the symbols are usually seen as letters representing Italian words for how loud or soft their music should be. It is a good idea to begin by identifying the patterns, for example Bars 1 - 2 are a rising C major broken chord, followed by a descending G7 broken chord in Bars 3 - 4. Which sequence represents the structure of a minuet and trio form? Haydn included the chord because he wanted his piece to be memorable. The Surprise Symphony is scored for a Classical -era orchestra consisting of two each of flutes, oboes, bassoons, horns, trumpets, plus timpani, and the usual string section consisting of violins (first and second), violas, cellos, and double basses. You may listen to the orchestral version here: This piece is mostly uncomplicated, lying well under the hands and it features easy-to-remember patterns typical of the excellent writing of Alan Bullard, who arranged the music. The composition is very lively at times and very upbeat while it is also mellow and soft at other times. Londoners turned out by the thousands to watch him conduct premieres of his new works, and critics and audiences alike were generous with their praise. In the coda section, the opening notes are stated once more, this time reharmonized with gently dissonant diminished seventh chords over a tonic pedal. B, Haydn, F.J.Piano Sonata No. Rather, it was added by the composer on a whim for the pieces London premiere on March 23, 1792, and was retained in later performances. 94 and which do not? The first subject opens with a two-part texture followed by a typical orchestral tutti, with the first violins playing the melody (with the second violins in 3rds or 6ths below), punctuated by woodwind and brass chords. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. 40 in G Minor, K. 550, II and more. With the death of Prince Mikls Jzsef Esterhzy in 1790, Haydn was finally free to travel, and he set out for England, spurred by an invitation from Johann Peter Salomon, a German-born violinist and impresario, who presented six months of concerts in London each year. A musical texture consisting of one melody and an accompaniment that supports it. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . Haydn composed the "Surprise" Symphony in London, and they played it here for the first time in 1792. It was the second of twelve pieces that make up Haydn's London Symphonies, which he composed when he was already an established composer with a well-respected oeuvre. He was born in 1732 and had an illustrious career before his death in 1809. Your email address will not be published. If the hand is too low with the fingers resting on the keys, each finger has to be lifted before the notes are played and unhelpful tension will be produced. - Definition, History & Composers, Mozart: Operas, Symphonies & Piano Concerti, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Biography, Compositions & Accomplishments, Mozart Lesson for Kids: Biography & Facts, The Magic Flute: Opera Summary, Characters & Composer, Classical Music Listening Activities for Kids, Franz Joseph Haydn: Biography, Music & Facts, Classical Music of the 1800s & 1900s Lesson Plans, Musical Instruments Lesson Plans & Resources, MTTC Social Studies (Elementary) (105) Prep, Art, Music, and Architecture Around the World, High School Liberal Arts & Sciences: Help & Review, Introduction to Textiles & the Textile Industry, Pope Gregory the Great: Biography & Quotes, Pope Gregory II: Biography & Accomplishments, Pope Gregory VII: Biography & Accomplishments, Pope Gregory VIII: Biography & Accomplishments, Pope Gregory X: Biography & Accomplishments, Pope Gregory XII: Biography & Accomplishments, Pope Gregory XIII: Accomplishments & Legacy, Pope Gregory XV: Biography & Accomplishments, Pope Gregory XVI: Biography & Accomplishments, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. A woodwind solo often appears in the trio section. The Surprise was part of Haydns visit to England, and people of all classes came to see his concerts. This piece needs the technique to play staccato and to slur pairs of notes. But in London in 1791, Haydn worked long and hard to present a new Symphony that would please. Which of the following describes the performing forces of Symphony No. This Andante is taken from Haydn's Symphony No 94 in G. Define timbre quality of sound that distinguishes one instrument or voice from another (Texture) Monophony single-line texture / melody without accompaniment (Texture) Homophony In the rondo pattern A B A C A B A, the C theme may be replaced by a development section to create a sonata-rondo. I feel like its a lifeline. 94. Performances of the Surprise Symphony last about 23 minutes. Vivaldi's Four Seasons | Analysis & Structure, Classical Music Forms: Symphonic, Sonata, Theme and Variation & Rondo Forms, Program Music vs. Absolute Music | Overview & Examples, The Rite of Spring | Igor Stravinsky, Story, Analysis & Music. His 94th Symphony, The Surprise is one of his more popular works and is one of my favorites. -This is the second variation. Our Chief Executive Crispin explains why Haydn is the 'King of Symphonies'. Joseph Haydn's Symphony No. In some cases, more than one term or phrase might apply to an excerpt. 1791. The charming and slightly whimsical first theme begins mischievously outside the home key. It is usually called by its nickname, the Surprise Symphony, although in German it is more often referred to as the Symphony " mit dem Paukenschlag " ("with the . An error occurred trying to load this video. The last movement is the liveliest of all, with brisk and scurrying ideas that bring the piece to an energetic conclusion. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . Genre: symphony. [4], Audio playback is not supported in your browser. Guillaume de Machaut | Ars Nova, Music & Style. 5. 94, II. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Hablas espaol? lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. It is popularly known as the Surprise Symphony. An agreement was stuck where Haydn would live in London and compose a total of six symphonies to be performed there. In his diary entries during these tours, Haydn exulted in his local celebrity, the attendance at his concerts, the frequent dinner invitations, and the impressive concert receipts. The Woodfall's Register critic wrote: The third piece of Haydn was a new Overture [i.e. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. Haydn wrote the symphony in 1791 in London for a concert series he gave during the first of his visits to England (17911792). All Rights Reserved. 213 lessons. I would of liked to know more Franz Joseph Haydn and his background. Considering the impact that it had, the ''Surprise Symphony'''s popularity is really no surprise at all. 94, II? In 1792, while living in London, Haydn composed his Symphony No. This is a rondo theme in the style of a Gypsy fiddler playing a folk dance. The theme is in two eight-bar sections, each repeated. Joseph Haydn was a Classical composer who wrote hundreds of highly accomplished pieces of music in his lifetime. This second movement of Haydn's Symphony No. Looking at the visual image that these notes make on the keys - a play-one-miss-one-play-one pattern is easy to memorise. 14 in C majorRobert Sthlbrand, Haydn, F.J.String quartet no. The first subject opens with a two-part texture followed by a typical orchestral tutti, with the first violins playing the melody (with the second violins in 3rds or 6ths below), punctuated by woodwind and brass chords. The theme is played by . Having arrived in London in 1791, Haydn was treated like a celebrity and his works were broadly praised. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. , http://pult-av.ru . If people were more educated, they would have a greater appreciation for classical music. Haydn Andante - Grade 1 Level There are a few theories. The Minuet third movement is a true Austrian peasant dance, but with a surprisingly subtle and dignified Trio. It is lively in a "Gypsy" style. 94 in G Major. Haydn was an extremely talented composer and The Surprise is a composition that I really enjoyed. In homophonic texture, with melody in the violins and accompaniment by the other strings; soft dynamics and then very soft staccato notes until ending with a very loud chord played by the full orchestra, the . The Surprise starts out with slower movement and then Haydn surprises you with a sudden loud chord. The theme was represented by the color yellow. The opening theme is answered by a contrasting theme played by the winds, and this sequence is repeated. A secure performance will show well known notes and rhythms despite, perhaps, a lack of tonal and rhythmic evenness. 94 in 1792. Expression: simple and witty He returned for a second 18-month visit in 179495. The third line is more challenging, particularly Bar 19 where there is more movement in each hand. -Dale Melody: folk like So be on alert the next time you head to the symphony. The finale is 100-proof Haydn, in turn witty, brilliant, and songful, and filled with those turns, twists, and, yes, supremely logical surprises, that only Haydns genius could supply. The finale is 100-proof Haydn, in turn witty, brilliant, and songful, and filled with those turns, twists, and, yes, supremely logical surprises, that only Haydn's genius could supply. 94, II and which are not. His novelty of last night was a grand Overture, the subject of which was remarkably simple, but extended to vast complication, exquisitly [sic] modulated and striking in effect. The tone needs to be gentle throughout the first section, with grading to shape the phrases, shown by a slight . 94. The entire piece takes about twenty minutes, or slightly more, for an orchestra to perform. The audience is hit with a jarring and loud chord that crescendos without warning. 94 in G major, "Surprise". I liked your blog, it was interesting hearing the very soft melody and then having the very loud melody just coming in so powerful and unexpected. Symphony in G major. The trio is quieter than the minuet and requires fewer instruments. Perhaps the least well-considered title is Surprise, appended by English audiences to the Symphony No. Explain how Haydn follows or subverts the conventions of Sonata form with reference to evidence from the score. Here is Handel's career in miniature, a careful balance of nationalities. Slurred pairs need a drop of the wrist on the first note before 'floating off' the second note. 10. The first and third movements have a lively feel that was more associated with outdoor concerts than with concert halls. 2023 Los Angeles Philharmonic Association. You can specify conditions of storing and accessing cookies in your browser, what type of instruments are used in moriones festivalPLS I NEED ANSWER ASAP!, list down 10 local artist (male or female) and identify the kinds of voicespahelp naman poooo, is it possible to portray a story combining these two thetricalf forms what do you call dis performance, Direction: Write T if the statement is true and F if the statement is false, 1. (3rd one). The music then returns to its original quiet dynamic as if nothing has happened, and the ensuing variations do not repeat the joke. Andante (C major)14:12 3. Peking opera is not actually a monolithic form, but rather a coalescence of many older forms. Us, the humble servants of Muse in all sincerity love this composition of Meister H. She has been teaching English in Canada and Taiwan for seven years. Select all the statements that describe the minuet and trio. Like all of Haydn's "London" symphonies, the work is in four movements, marked as follows: The first movement has a lyrical 34 introduction preceding a highly rhythmic main section in 68 time. Corrections? It goes from quiet and soft to loud and energetic in a matter of seconds. 104 in D major, the "London," was the last of twelve symphonies he wrote for English audiences, and while there is no evidence that he intended it to be his last, it is a fitting capstone to the symphonic tradition he helped to build. Baroque Suite Music: Definition, Dance & History | What is Suite Music? Form: themes and variations The chord in Bar 16 should be suddenly loud for maximum effect. The same theme is also frequently adapted for the purpose of teaching musical beginners; see Papa Haydn. I dont know if that is just folklore surrounding the piece, or actual historical fact, but I sure thought it was pretty entertaining. She serves on the music faculty of Metropolitan State University of Denver and gives pre-performance talks for Opera Colorado and the Colorado Symphony Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Select all the techniques a composer might use to vary the main theme in a theme-and-variations movement. The movement proper has a varied cast of characters. In fact, his anxiety to please the London public had been stimulated by the presence of his student lgnaz Pleyel, who was in the British capital for a series of concerts in direct competition with those of his illustrious teacher. It is also fun to know that he kept humor in his pieces. Select all the ways in which the start of Variation 3 differs from the start of Variation 1 in Haydn's Surprise Symphony. The distinctive feature did not appear in the original score. Trading name of Arts Enterprise Limited, CompanyNo. Not everyone today associates these ideas with classical music, but in Haydn's case, they're instrumental in understanding his work. But a surprise symphony? The tone needs to be gentle throughout the first section, with grading to shape the phrases, shown by a slight crescendo into the phrase and a diminuendo towards the end. Haydn: Symphonies and Compositions for String Quartet, Eine Kleine Nachtmusik by Mozart | Overview, Translation & Analysis, Dido & Aeneas by Henry Purcell | Myth, Summary & Analysis, Don Giovanni | Synopsis, Characters & Composer, Messiah by George Frideric Handel | History, Music & Analysis, Songs of the Renaissance: Madrigals and Vocal Parts, The Moldau by Bedrich Smetana | Movement & Themes, Erlknig Lyrics | Overview, Summary & Analysis. We know from our vantage point that the older, infinitely more gifted composer had nothing to fear from the facile but modestly endowed Pleyel, destined to be remembered as the founder of a famous piano factory. - Definition, History, Characteristics & Composers, Johann Sebastian Bach: Biography, Music & Facts, Bach: Important Works, Organ, Fugues and Solo Works, Johann Sebastian Bach Lesson for Kids: Biography & Facts, Antonio Vivaldi: Biography, Music & Facts, The Four Seasons by Vivaldi: Analysis & Structure, George Frideric Handel: Biography, Facts & Compositions, George Frideric Handel Lesson Plan for Elementary School, George Frideric Handel Biography: Lesson for Kids, Handel's Messiah: History, Music & Analysis, What is Classical Music? Surprised? In 1791, however, one of these symphonies would catch the audience so off-guard that they nicknamed it the ''Surprise Symphony.'' In C major and mostly consonant. 94. View Syllabus Skills You'll Learn Art History, Music, Chord, History 5 stars 92.19% 4 stars 6.68% 3 stars 0.61% 2 stars 0.40% 1 star 0.10% From the lesson What is the "surprise" heard in this excerpt? Updates? Shadow play is an invention of man which reflects his experience of nature and of his thought. Which of the following instruments or instrument families are heard in Haydn's Symphony No. 94, II. Among the works heard at these concerts were 12 new symphonies, the last ones Haydn ever wrote, including the perennially popular Symphony No. The music then returns to its original quiet dynamic as if nothing has happened, and the ensuing variations do not repeat the joke. The music piece that I listened to was Symphony No. Notice that the hands need to be balanced so that the melody sings out with the chords kept quieter and special care will have to be taken to achieve this when the tune is in the LH. Surprise Symphony, byname of Symphony No. After all, dynamic contrast was a thoroughly established musical element long before Haydn closed a soft string passage with a loud, full orchestra (including timpani) exclamation point.
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