A specialist in Roman wall-painting, I was adjunct professor of Classical Archaeology at the University Suor Orsola Benincasa of Naples (2009-2010), Visiting Researcher at the University of Tokyo (from 2004 to 2009), German Archaeological Institute fellow (2011) and Fritz Thyssen Stiftung postdoctoral fellow (Frderung italienischer Nachwuchswissenschaftler an deutschen Institutionen in Italien, 2013). The ancient city was included in the 1996 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund, and again in 1998 and in 2000. Within a supervised environment, new conservators can develop the specific skills, the hands-on experience, and the confidence on which to base a future career. The 2,000-year-old House of the Gladiators in ancient Pompeiis ruins collapsed on 6 November 2010. I am Associate Professor in the Department of Classics at Mount Allison University. Sufficient and qualified supervision and mentoring. The number of visitors presents a challenge, but doesnt necessarily pose a threat to the ancient city, says Stefano De Caro, the former director-general of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property; Dr. De Caro also served as Pompeiis director of excavations in the 1980s and is now on the parks advisory board. Nearly 450,000 people visited Pompeii in July, marking the highest monthly figure ever recorded. 25 0 obj The Antiquarium a small, informative museum near Pompeiis Porta Marina Gate opened in 2016 after more than three decades of closure. At the crossroads of science and art, the fields of conservation and technical art history demand a complex knowledge of chemistry and materials and an extraordinary sensitivity to artistic intent, as well as physical dexterity, patience, and powers of concentration. the Archaeological Institute of America. Unfortunately, on excavation, they began to fade due to exposure to air and natural light as that protective layer of ash was removed. Between 2016 and 2018 he has carried out the study of amphorae from the excavation of the Horti Lamiani in Rome. 2020-05-08T11:56:30-07:00 His research focuses on the relationship between archaeological contexts and ancient numismatics, the interpretation of coins from excavation, monetary circulation in antiquity, and ancient trade. By 2018, that figure had risen to more than 3.6 million, an increase of more than 70 percent. These focus on removing the forces that attack the sites, as well as restoring the damaged artifacts and preventing further destruction. Additionally, objects not considered worthy by pursuers of Antiquarianism were destroyed or damaged in the process of retrieving other items. Now we are out of the emergency, Francesco Muscolino, an archaeologist with the Archaeological Park of Pompeii, said in his office on the edge of the ancient city. A small exhibition in the Antiquarium showcases stolen objects that visitors have sent back to Pompeii, claiming that the tiles, stones or figurines brought them bad luck. During her time at Mount Allison, she studied Art History and Classics. Past and future conservation treatments will continuously be updated. Another problem the sites face is the passage of seeds in regions traversed by tourists. Grants are awarded to projects that create and disseminate specialized knowledge, including archival projects, development and dissemination of scholarly databases, documentation projects, exhibitions and publications focusing on art conservation, scholarly publications, and technical and scientific studies. The Villa dei Misteri is known for its exquisite, well-preserved Roman wall paintings. Formerly a research fellow in the Department of Ancient Mediterranean Studies at the University of Missouri, Columbia, and a research associate of the Kelsey Museum of Archaeology, he has worked as topographer for the SantOmobono Project in Rome, as well as topographer and trench supervisor for the Mt. Still, it was visible from the outside as tourists walked along with one of the ancient citys main streets. Our job is the find the right point in between.. This reflects the influence of Roberto Longhi, whose interests were not confined to the High Renaissance and the traditional Rome/Florence/Venice axis but ranged widely across the Italian peninsula and over later centuries, particularly the Baroque, which was not highly regarded by more traditional art historians, such as Bernard Berenson. (1988); and Bronzeworkers in the Athenian Agora (1982). The renewed Felix estate is just one outcome of a multiyear project that was meant to save Pompeii from a crisis caused by decades even centuries of underfunding and mismanagement. (2005-2006) and the Samuel H. Kress Foundation Paired Fellowship for endobj Art History from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in [33 0 R 36 0 R 38 0 R 40 0 R 41 0 R 42 0 R 43 0 R] A newly unearthed bit of charcoal graffiti has even shed light on the date of the famous disaster. endobj However, no new sites are open to be excavated. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. The Kress Program in Painting Conservation was established to provide conservation and research for the approximately one thousand paintings in the dispersed Samuel H. Kress Collection, now part of the holdings of eighteen museums, twenty-three study collections, and assorted gift locations across the United States. Amedeo Maiuri, director of Pompeii and Herculaneum from 1924 to 1961, was intent on re-creating the "atmosphere" of the two towns as they were before the eruption of Mt. In addition to these Conservation Fellowships, the Kress Foundation supports conservation at other institutions. endobj Derrick Z. Jackson has documented the success of Project Puffin with up-close and personal puffin photos and articles. Initial training provides basic qualifications that must be supplemented with practice in a specialized area. Sidewalks have been built along some of the major routes, opening up parts of the ancient city to people in wheelchairs or pushing strollers. We offer grants in defined program areas and professional development fellowships for historians of art and architecture, art conservators, art museum curators and educators, and art librarians. 26 0 obj He obtained a BA from the same institution, with a thesis on the building phases of the Curiae Veteres sanctuary that sparked his interest in Roman architecture. ,9eh2(>>Ez:pl8A-r9&M2tU:i],L%&Nm0P ) nB}, Planning Preservation In Pompeii: Revising Wall Painting Conservation Method And Management. Open access examination reports, technical images (e.g. One problem, Mr. Irlando claims, is that there are not enough guards to watch out for misbehavior among tourists. They also affixed surveillance cameras throughout the ancient city to keep watch over Pompeiis thousands of daily visitors. In collaboration with the MU Museum of Art and Archaeology and the Capitoline Museums in Rome, he also co-directs the CaLC-Rome project, which uses the 3D modeling and surface analysis of ceramic vessels from the Esquiline necropolis of Rome in order to reconstruct their manufacturing process and life cycle. Payroll taxes may be withheld from the $37,000, but any other benefits, travel or education reimbursement, or administrative costs must be met by the institution or other funding source. Both cities have rich histories influenced by Greeks, Oscans, Etruscans, Samnites and finally the Romans. The situation isnt helped by tourist companies that run unauthorized tours, often led by guides with uncertain qualifications. We made progress on all of the excavation fronts and added new data on the building phases of the sanctuary and the broader neighborhood. 2000 South Club Drive Unesco, which had added the ancient city to its list of World Heritage sites in 1997, sent a team to assess the situation. The artifacts found on-site are also susceptible to these agents of deterioration, mainly air, humidity, natural light, and climatic changes. endobj 15 0 obj The negative attention finally triggered an influx of financing. La partnership pubblica-privata unisce insieme il Packard Humanities Institute, fondazione filantropica operante in Italia attraverso lIstituto Packard per i Beni Culturali, e l'Ente di tutela, oggi divenuto lautonomo Parco Archeologico di Ercolano. The open nature of both locations to tourists is also a leading cause of vandalism and theft. During the Allied invasion of Italy in WWII, the site was erroneously struck by over 160 Allied bombs which were intended for nearby infrastructural targets. For example, perspex cases have been constructed to protect frescoes and graffiti, however, this creates a humidity trap and causes damage to the plaster. Browse images, technical studies, examination reports, and more. For both cities, however, excavation has brought with it deterioration. Keep me logged in (not suitable for shared devices). [12] In 2019, an investigation published by the Italian newspaper Il Fatto Quotidiano estimated that approximately 7 to 10 unexploded bombs may still be lying dormant beneath the sediment and ash in unexcavated portions of the site. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. [5] After receiving a BA from the University of Naples Federico II, and a specialization degree from the Graduate School of Archaeology of Matera, I took a PhD in Classical Archaeology at the University of Alberta. He was the winner of the AIA Cotsen Grant for First Time Directors in 2018. Candidate in the Interdepartmental Program in Greek and Roman History at the University of Michigan and the 2019-2020 winner of the Samuel H. Kress Foundation Rome Prize. Dr. Buchanan has also contributed to PeriodO, a linked data gazetteer of period definitions across scholarly fields; Visualizing Archival Data, a project to analyze the levels of archival arrangement in finding aids; and a project using RTI (Reflectance Transformation Imaging) technology to capture images and descriptive metadata for a museum teaching collection. Carol C. Mattusch is the Mathy Professor of Art History in the The National Gallery also offers a broad range of newsletters for various interests. Grants are also awarded for activities that permit conservators and conservation scientists to share their expertise with both professional colleagues and a broad audience through international exchanges, professional meetings, conferences, symposia, consultations, the presentation of research, exhibitions that include a prominent focus on materials and techniques, and other professional events. Follow this link to view the complete list. She will be starting her masters in art conservation at Queens University from September 2018. In March 2012, the European Commission approved funding, with the goal of securing the ancient city as an enduring attraction in the region. In-Gallery Work Schedule Watch conservation work in action Pompeii and the Roman Villa: Art and Culture Around the Bay of Naples (2008). uuid:081ded8b-ae56-11b2-0a00-006307010000 We use cookies to improve your website experience. As a subscriber, you have 10 gift articles to give each month. One of the first items on the agenda was to protect what had already been excavated. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/25/travel/pompeii-restoration-overtourism.html. There are many conservation projects, endeavors and enterprises associated with both cities in an attempt to prevent further deterioration. He added that the park became an autonomous entity a few years ago, which means that it can now keep all of the revenues from ticket sales (adult entry costs 15 euros, roughly $16.50). [9][10] The most significant bombing damage occurred between 13 and 20 September 1943, as part of the Allied effort to defend the Salerno beachhead which had been established by the success of Operation Avalanche from an Axis counterattack. They are most renowned for their destruction: both were buried in the AD 79 eruption of Mount Vesuvius. We offer grants in defined program areas and professional development fellowships for historians of art and architecture, art conservators, art museum curators and educators, and art librarians. The project has also led to archaeological discoveries: a treasure trove of amulets; a horse still wearing its bronze-plated saddle; a fresco of Narcissus staring at himself in a pool. WebAncient Herculaneum (bottom), modern Ercolano (center), and Vesuvius (top) Pompeii and Herculaneum were once thriving towns, 2,000 years ago, in the Bay of Naples. It is a risk. Mattusch was also the curator of The Fire of Hephaistos: Large Classical Bronzes from North American Collections (1996) at Harvard University Art Museums for which she wrote the catalogue. Nearly 2,000 years have passed since Pompeii and its surroundings were buried under ash and rock following the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 A.D. [13] While the existence of these bombs poses a threat to future archaeologists, the procedures which military engineers frequently employ to excavate and defuse them are often invasive and have the potential to cause damage to archaeological remains.[14]. At the crossroads of science and art, the field of conservation demands a complex knowledge of chemistry, materials, and sensitivity to artistic intent. (At the moment, about 160 guards work in the Archaeological Park of Pompeii; most are employed by Italys Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism, while just over 50 are funded by the park itself.) The Samuel H. Kress Foundation devotes its resources to advancing the history, conservation, and enjoyment of the vast heritage of European art, architecture, and archaeology from antiquity to the early 19th century. Daniel P. Diffendale (Ph.D., Michigan; B.A., Penn) is an archaeologist specializing in the 1st millennium BCE central Mediterranean, with a particular interest in religious architecture and construction. A graduate of Bryn Mawr College, Mattusch received her PhD in However, those in favor of conservation argue that texts are safer underground rather than exposed. But regulating tourist movement will not be easy, Dr. De Caro added, noting that switching to a more structured system would generate opposition from transport providers and tour companies, not to mention tourists. Visitors on Via dell' Abbondanza in Pompeii. Tourists also might take chips of rock or stone from the site and accidentally brush against the walls and frescoes, further increasing their rate of deterioration. While some of the damage is irreparable, the issues of funding and threat mitigation have prompted conservation and restoration specialists to reexamine and enact proper protocol in order to prevent future harm to the objects and the site itself [7]. Department of Communications WebEmerging conservation professionals develop skills, hands-on experience, and confidence within a supervised environment. When the project is complete, the Soprintendenza will be better positioned to manage the site's continuous care. endobj endobj He has authored several papers on coin findings in particular from Rome and Pompeii, on the Augustan Meta Sudans, and on the Curiae Veteres sanctuary in Rome. He has done fieldwork at Rome (S. Omobono; Regia), Gabii, and Francavilla Marittima and published on various aspects of the pottery assemblages recovered from these sites. The Collection was donated to scores of regional and academic art museums. The statues, Hercules and the Vestal Virgins captured the imaginations of the general populace, and soon excavations with the intent to find more art had begun. From 1996 to 2002, WMF provided technical support and funding for The following month, The Great Pompeii Project was launched. She has held three fellowships The program seeks to support a set of fellowships that offer: Preference may be given to institutions that have not recently hosted Kress Fellows. | Privacy Policy | Yelling Mule - Boston Web Design, education.missouri.edu/person/sarah-buchanan/. The Conservation Grants program supports the professional practice of art conservation, especially as it relates to European works of art from antiquity to the early 19th century. This meant rebuilding walls and roofs that the eruption had knocked down to reproduce the towns' facade. From 1964 1977, the Kress Foundation sponsored the publication of the Complete Catalogue of the Samuel H. Kress Collection, published on behalf of the Foundation. In 1996, the organization claimed that Pompeii "desperately need[ed] repair" and called for the drafting of a general plan of restoration and interpretation. While both areas have guards, many artifacts still find their way to the illicit antiquities market. And the behavior of visitors to the ancient city has long been troublesome. 45 0 obj National Gallery of Art Italian law prohibits them from being shot. Since concerted excavations began in the middle of the 18th century, Pompeiis rich homes, tombs and public buildings have been plundered by looters, exploited by profit-hungry private excavators, and (in some early cases) restored so aggressively as to spoil the original treasures. Initial training, typically at one of a handful of institutions in North America, provides basic qualifications that must be supplemented with an extended period of specialized concentration on paintings, objects, textiles, antiquities, ethnic materials, photographs, prints and drawings, books and manuscripts, furniture, etc. Why not the Pyramids? Myths and memories of the Allied bombing of Pompeii, AugustSeptember 1943", "The Last Days of Pompeii (Getty Villa Exhibitions)", "Pompeii Is Home to Multiple Undetonated World War II Bombs", "Unexploded World War II bombs may still be buried at Pompeii", "Bombed Archaeology: Towards a Precise Identification and a Safe Management of WWII's Dangerous Unexploded Bombs", "World News - Breaking International Headlines & Exclusives | Toronto Sun", "Pompeii Gladiator Training Centre Collapses", "Conservation and Management Challenges in a Public/Private partnership for a Large Archaeological Site (Herculaneum, Italy)", History of the Management of Pompeii and Herculaneum, Conservation and restoration of cultural property, Conservation and restoration of immovable cultural property, Conservation and restoration of movable cultural property, Disaster preparedness (cultural property), Integrated pest management (cultural property), Mold control and prevention (library and archive), Digital repository audit method based on risk assessment, Books, manuscripts, documents and ephemera, Conservation-restoration of Leonardo da Vinci's, Conservation-restoration of the Shroud of Turin, Conservation-restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes, Conservation-restoration of the Statue of Liberty, Conservation response to flood of Arno, Florence, Modern and Contemporary Art Research Initiative, Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Conservation_issues_of_Pompeii_and_Herculaneum&oldid=1152224860, Conservation and restoration of cultural heritage, Articles that may contain original research from August 2014, All articles that may contain original research, Articles needing additional references from August 2014, All articles needing additional references, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 28 April 2023, at 23:05. WebThe Kress Pompeii Conservation Project Towards a Site MasterPlan 7 WMF'sream will eventually apply the practices esrablished at the Houseof the Silver Wedding Anniversary The beautifully restored villa of Julia Felix is one outcome of the recent multiyear project that is scheduled to be completed in the coming months. department of history and art history at George Mason University. Their feet trample the plants; in closed-off areas, particularly those closest to unexcavated parts of the cities, and carry the seeds around the site causing growth in various areasthis can severely damage the buildings.[8]. At one extreme, we have the nightmare scenario of the site being wrapped in cotton wool and accessible only to the privileged, Professor Beard wrote in an email. Restore content access for purchases made as guest, 48 hours access to article PDF & online version. Eligible organizations will use theKress Foundations online, View the Kress Collection Curated Gallery, the project history to date (if applicable), the IRS determination letter of 501(c)3 status for the organization that will receive and administer the funds, curriculum vitae for principal investigator(s), conference, workshop, exhibition, or publication schedules. (Today, one third of the site remains underground.) Born in Naples in 1974, I hold degrees in Conservation of Cultural Heritage from the University Suor Orsola Benincasa of Naples and in Classical Archaeology from the University of Basilicata. A starter kit for escaping into the world. Planning Preservation In Pompeii: Revising Wall Painting Conservation Method And Management The Great Pompeii Project was an infusion of about 105 million euros ($165 million) in European Union funds that helped spare the ruins from further degradation. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. The Collection was donated to scores of regional and academic art museums. Not everyone remembers that the excavations are an archaeological monument and not an amusement park, Mr. Irlando said. <>10]/P 20 0 R/Pg 34 0 R/S/Link>> <>3]/P 6 0 R/Pg 34 0 R/S/Link>> The alkaline in the masonry reacted with the original building materials, causing crumbling and erosion to walls of structures (as seen at the House of the Coloured Capitals) and peeling of the original pigments. After all, Dr. De Caro said in a recent interview, Pompeii used to be home to thousands of people; it has plenty of space for humanity. Advance your skills with program materials, professional development, and funding opportunities. 2023 National Gallery of Art Notices Terms of Use Privacy Policy, Carol C. Mattusch, Mathy Professor of Art History in the Department of History and Art History, George Mason University. Preventive conservation and planned maintenance, overseen by the Great Pompeii Project, represent the first response. Most Fellowships begin in late summer or early fall, and run for a term of nine to twelve months. Some observers worry that Pompeii could slide back into disrepair. Its easy to imagine lounging in the garden at the sprawling villa of Julia Felix, a savvy Roman business woman who lived in the ancient Roman city of Pompeii in the first century A.D. By merely digging for objects with aesthetic and commercial value, they were taken from being in situ to private collections. uuid:081ded8d-ae56-11b2-0a00-00cb54b4fd7f The Great Pompeii Project, scheduled to wrap up the end of this year, has secured many of the sites threatened buildings, led to important discoveries and significantly improved the experience for tourists. <>1]/P 6 0 R/Pg 34 0 R/S/Link>> endobj Henri de Saint-Blanquat identifies thirty-one plants in Pompeii, which, after growing in patches of bare earth, grow outward and attack the surrounding buildings, as well as dislodging tiles and mosaics. endobj The organisation supported conservation at Pompeii with funding from American Express and the Samuel H. Kress Foundation. Registered in England & Wales No. Pompeii and Herculaneum have been excavated for centuries. Not only because the early excavations, carried out over two hundred years ago and again in the 19th century, often turned out to be more of a massacre what fun to carry off statues and fling around inscribed bronze plaques! The site is set to receive a record-breaking number of visitors this year. The full Since 2000, I have focused my research on my long-standing interests in the native populations of ancient Basilicata from the 6th century BCE to the Roman conquest of the Italian peninsula, with special emphasis on cult places and religious manifestations. He has done fieldwork in Pompeii, Himera, Torre di Satriano and Palmi. My research interests is in Roman pottery, with a focus on transport amphorae and black gloss ware, in ancient restoration.
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