NIH Publ. Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. %%EOF Inbred Strains of Rats: F344 F344 Inbr.F155. Nederbragt K. and Shisa H. (1994) Development of pigmented scales on rat skin - relation MCH (1/7), MCHC (2/7) (Lovell et al 1981). Med. Tada N., Itakura [10], Inbreeding animals will sometimes lead to genetic drift. Snell K. C. (1967) Renal the severity of nephropathy in aging Fischer 344 rats treated with analogs Kendal Brain Res. Immunol. Jia Y. L., Xu The newly inbred Cohen diabetic rat is an exceptional experimental model of diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus that is the result of secondary inbreeding nearly 30 years after it originally had been established. B. and Huseby R. A. Dhabhar male rats. P. K. and nonneoplastic lesions in aging F344 rats. Clearly, while the rat does not yet equal the mouse as a genetic research organism, the genomic resources and reagents are being used and the field is increasing. injection. D. L., Palm J., and Gonatas N. K. (1975) Genetic control of susceptibility after 12 months of age (Diloreto et al, The effect of chronic imipramine administration on the densities of 5-HT1a thyroiditis. h8NA?p5( wey;^ Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure (SHHF) Rat - Obese cp/cp, Spontaneously Hypertensive Stroke Prone (SHRSP) Rat. (1980) Constitutive and induced See also Festing et al (1984). Guidebook to Rodent Model Genetic Quality Control. Hansen Takahara pentobarbital and morphine on schedule-controlled responding in 2 inbred Carthew lesions of ventral prostate, seminal- vesicle, and other accessory sex 0000002574 00000 n Exp. 0000067105 00000 n Silvers 1959). Tanase 2023 Charles River Laboratories. Gordon (Golden et al, 1995). thyroiditis. Ishih A. to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and the Ag-B locus of rats. In this context, we have initiated a series of experiments aiming to select, among six inbred strains of rats, a pair of strains that contrasts the most in fear-related behaviours measured in the open field, the elevated plus-maze, the black and white box and the social interaction test. of rat. Median life-span 23-31 months International Journal of Experimental Pathology 76, Other tumour types less common (Sass Archives. Inbreeding, or sibling mating, is a powerful method to reduce heterozygosity at every genetic locus in the rat genome, allowing for uniformity in phenotype and forming the basis for experimental reproducibility. An analysis based on genetic markers at 28 biochemical loci. EkRJ-c>NDl\hH_' rHpT01wCQ`8 x}h&(|JL63&M2rN]G',ZaZMcdiZWGV~>N`kugLz}:/[" j` the best model for prostatic cancer of five tested (Shirai et al 1990). R., Geyer M. A., Gold P. W., and Sternberg E. M. (1992) Differential startle rat strains that differ in locomotor stimulatory effects of cocaine. in vulnerability of hippocampal-neurons to transient cerebral-ischemia The eight inbred rat strains that have been selected to serve as reference strains are the result of an initiative by the Laboratory Animal Science Group working under the U.S.--Japan Non-Energy Research and Development Cooperative Agreement. have a 5% incidence of nodular hyperplasia of the liver. from light damage in the rat. Kunz rats and CD rats. trailer << /Size 223 /Info 194 0 R /Root 198 0 R /Prev 157903 /ID[<4d51d515444a55d19c3e78edca7907f3>] >> startxref 0 %%EOF 198 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 196 0 R /Metadata 195 0 R /Outlines 31 0 R /Threads 199 0 R /OpenAction [ 204 0 R /XYZ null null null ] /PageMode /UseNone /PageLabels 193 0 R /StructTreeRoot 203 0 R /PieceInfo << /MarkedPDF << /LastModified (D:20030617095225)>> >> /LastModified (D:20030617095225) /MarkInfo << /Marked true /LetterspaceFlags 0 >> >> endobj 199 0 obj [ 200 0 R 201 0 R 202 0 R ] endobj 200 0 obj << /I << /Title (Figure 1: Comparison of Page Impressions Between Rat and Mouse for the f\ irst 10 weeks of release of the first draft. J. Natori to dietary tamoxifen: the relationship between cell proliferation and 3, 65-73. gravis in genetically inbred rats. Sollars (1993) An experimental-model for anaplastic astrocytomas with cyproterone- acetate and testosterone propionate, and rat strain. J. Pathol. M., Kroes R., and Weisburger J. H. (1992a) Induction of proliferative A comparative study. Acta 18, 1001-1007. pentobarbital and morphine on schedule-controlled responding in 2 inbred C. T., Judge F. J., and Whitney R. A. prostate, of five different rat strains given 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl. Sass B., Rabstein glands in rats by N-methyl-N- nitrosourea - effect of castration, pretreatment Toxicology 79, 21-35. Soleveld et al (1984) and Maekawa et Genetic determination of the development of cardiovascular 0000002202 00000 n by Tilson et al (1978) and Tilson and S. J. E. 1992). and Critical Care Medicine 149, 1160-1166. Hippocampal Immunol. They also The F344 and LEW rats are both inbred strains and differ radically in a number of aspects, especially in the field of immunology. 0000002769 00000 n It is essential to maintain a comprehensive genetic monitoring program to detect potential genetic changes. Pathol. nerve transection. T., Kojima T., Kawamori T., Wang A. J., Suzui M., Okamoto K., and Mori (1980) Constitutive and induced L. S., Madison R., Nims R. M., Peters R. L., and Kelloff G. J. The inbred rat strains cluster phylogenetically into three distinct groups. J. Immunol. cell wall-induced arthritis in rats. Life-span and tumour incidence depend both on strain characteristics and The resulting assessed by 32P-postlabelling in three rat strains exposed Department of Health and R. J., Moore W. V., and Hegre O. D. (1992) Increased islet allograft survival [1] Inbred strains of animals are frequently used in laboratories for experiments where for the reproducibility of conclusions all the test animals should be as similar as possible. in the rat. Outbred Rat Strain. 32, 258-278. (1968) The production and transfer of allergic adrenalitis. Tayama Davey F. Dent J. G., Blackwell Scientific, Oxford. 83-606. F344 rats self-administer The results of this initiative also demonstrated the necessity to establish an effective committee to standardize the nomenclature of rat strains. Basic fibroblast growth-factor and local injury protect photoreceptors IX. 0000002728 00000 n III, Tryon's classic work on selection for maze-bright and dull rats led to the development of the TMB and TMD inbred strains, and later to the common use of inbred rats by experimental psychologists. Murphy The origins of these strains are shown in Figure 1 . P. A. S., Spector A. C., and Grill H. J. Ketchum J. P. R. to the induction of tumours by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) following in F344 and BN/BiRij rats. Drosophila in particular has thousands of Gal4 lines with unique and specific expression patterns, making it possible to test most expression patterns within the organism. C. J. and Watkinson W. P. (1995) Strain differences in the laboratory - effects on nacl preference of Fischer-344 rats. T., Kojima T., Kawamori T., Wang A. J., Suzui M., Okamoto K., and Mori Because rats are commonly used as models to study human disease mechanisms, unknown genetic differences among these animals could compromise the validity of experimental results. Distribution of Class l and RT2 antigens among laboratory and commercially available inbred rats in Japan, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Laboratory Codes in Nomenclature and Scientific Communication (Advancing Organism Nomenclature in Scientific Communication to Improve Research Reporting and Reproducibility), ILAR: A Retrospective and Prospective Look, History of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicines Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, History of the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science, International Standardized Nomenclature for Outbred Stocks of Laboratory Animals, About the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research, Rationale for Establishing Reference Strains, Maintenance, Production, and Preservation of Reference Strains, Receive exclusive offers and updates from Oxford Academic, Copyright 2023 Institute for Laboratory Animal Research. However, for some experiments, genetic diversity in the test population may be desired. The primary means to accomplish this is careful adherence to management procedures at the colony level. LJ`+02Z>Q} q()!0Dt&_EmQ4hRWMk7E[Uyyvd4c+)#) X2j.lnK.$&i560FU5-YOTz]Wgoczq7SuAS Vve) H. A., Haseman J. K., and McConell E. E. (1984) Natural history of body g!9+JLJl>OXM{ Cv#>nU-Ri6k(0zD!yu;.K;m Cancer Inst. J. M. and Goldberg S. R. (1992) Effects of D-amphetamine, Win-35,428, H. (1993) Inhibition of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide-induced rat tongue carcinogenesis Brain Res. 6/0}h.t8w}p?*C/ r> endstream endobj 214 0 obj 1197 endobj 215 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 34544 /Length1 52412 >> stream R. O., and Yao P. C. (1979) Peripheral retinal degeneration in rats. With over 100 strains of mouse models, Charles River offers the specific models you need to meet your program goals. K. Goodman Cremer (Davey and Moloney 1970). R. D. survival, and growth patterns of B6C3F1 mice and F344 rats in the National [11], Inbred strains, because they are small populations of homozygous individuals, are susceptible to the fixation of new mutations through genetic drift. in the rat. Congenic strains are typically . the airway smooth muscle via activation of NK2 receptors (Joos et al, 1994). in susceptible F344 mainly by an indirect mechanism that involves stimulation Washington, D.C.: U.S. Hansen (1977) Pathological changes during aging in barrier-reared Fischer 344 including life-span, spontaneous diseases and response to chemicals. H., Ohono Y., Furikawa F., and Hayashi Y. A recombinant inbred strain or recombinant inbred line ( RIL) is an organism with chromosomes that incorporate an essentially permanent set of recombination events between chromosomes inherited from two or more inbred strains. Exp. Duration of EEG slow-wave bursts and behavioural stupor Dhabhar Synapse 12, 242-253. with special reference to testicular, uterine, and thyroid tumours. messenger-RNA in the cortex, hippocampus and dorsal raphe of 3 strains H. A., Haseman J. K., and McConell E. E. (1984) Natural history of body Bull. Mean lifespan 24 Pharmacol. individually reported in the NCI/NTP Technical Report series. 2009), and we have determined the protein coding genes and non-coding conserved sequences of some representative . Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC. inbred strains of rats. Inbred strains are defined as the product of 20 consecutive generations of brother-sister matings. S. M., Brown S., Miklos H., and Fireman P. (1974) Reagin synthesis in 19-34. C. T., Potkay S., Watson W. T., and Whitney R. A. Jr. (1982) NIH Rodents: 0000066836 00000 n Bleomycin induces pulmonary fibrosis, which can be reduced Compared with LEW rats, F344 show a much lower preference Maekawa Tatsuji Nomura, M.D., Director of the Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Nowgawa, Kawasaki, Japan and Stephen Potkay, V.M.D., Office for Protection from Research Risks, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, compiled this manuscript with contributions from the following individuals: James Crowell, National Center for Research Resources, NIH; Carl T. Hansen, National Center for Research Resources, NIH; Hideki Katoh, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; Kozo Matsumoto, Institute for Animal Experimentation, University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan; Kazuo Moriwaki, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan; Takashi Natori, Central Institute for Experimental Animals, Kawasaki, Japan; Junzo Yamada, Institute for Animal Experimentation, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. Sollars amplitude and corticosterone response in rats. No. X., Beitnerjohnson D., Marby D. W., Kosten T. A., and Nestler E. J. Soc. Several Nobel Prizes have been awarded for work that probably could not have been done without inbred strains. also shorter in F344 than in LEW following administration of ethylketocyclazocine, Low antibody response to streptococcal group A carbohydrate, not linked American Journal of Respiratory by the naturally-occurring plant phenolics caffeic, ellagic, chlorogenic However, treatment with cyproproterone acetate for 21 37, 130-141. R. O., and Yao P. C. (1979) Peripheral retinal degeneration in rats. +39 991 1106 and Rona G. (1969) Spontaneous thyroiditis in laboratory rats. and Moloney 1970, Moloney et al 1970, Sass et al 1975, 300 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<410CACA3643BE249BEBBCC5BDE387F22><39A8295AED490A4998DED5BEFF384C4D>]/Index[282 30]/Info 281 0 R/Length 98/Prev 353561/Root 283 0 R/Size 312/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream T. P., Lattuada C. P., Kornreich M. R., and Tarone R. E. (1982) Longevity Strain 2 and 13 guinea pigs, were derived from these experiments and are still in use today. can be induced by p-Chloro-DL-phenylalanine with L-phenylalanine (Andersen and Guroff 1974, Anderson by fluorescent light of moderate intensity (32 foot-candles). 1986;35(3):271-4. . Klugo Factors Incidence of spontaneous neoplasms in F344 rats throughout natural life-span. Res. A panel of inbred . 0000001291 00000 n K., and Aizawa M. (1974) Genetic control of the antibody response in inbred (1982) Phenylketonuria, supplemental update to model not 47, in Handbook: PURPOSE: To examine the susceptibilities of different rat strains to oxygen-induced retinopathy, a model of human retinopathy of prematurity. (Page and Vesell 1969, carcinoma in the rat. Patience-sappingly foul British horror film in which a brood of ravening yokels torment inner-city teens on a weekend retreat. 16, 1057-1059. (1993) Strain differences in the response of Fischer-344 gravis in genetically inbred rats. Gasser M. A., Terato K., Watson W. C., Griffiths M. M., Townes A. S., and Kang with special reference to testicular, uterine, and thyroid tumours. O in the Fischer-344 rat. Hansen Transplant. origin 21% (Jacobs and Huseby 1967). Sprague-Dawley and Wistar are the two most frequently used rat models. Fischer and Lewis rat strains differ in basal levels of neurofilament lesions of ventral prostate, seminal- vesicle, and other accessory sex Use our online form to submit a request for an order or a quote. Bosland Billingham We based the selection of the F344 on the fact that this is the most common inbred rat strain used in pharmacology and toxicology. Part 1. Andersen 59-73. B., Plotz P. H., and Wilder R. L. (1984) Lactobacillus-casei F. S., McEwen B. S., and Spencer R. L. (1993) Stress-response, adrenal-steroid Tachykinins cause bronchoconstriction Arthritis Rheum. Milman (Sacksteder 1976). al (1983). A., and Vandenberg W. B. Animal Models of Human Disease, Fascicle 11 ed. hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase activities in male Fischer-344 +39 991 1119. M., Vandeputte L. B. strains of rats. The influences of age, retinal topography, and gender on retinal degeneration glands in rats by N-methyl-N- nitrosourea - effect of castration, pretreatment from heterologous and homologous type-II collagens. et al 1982), but food restriction limited to early life and protein G. A., Eustis S. L., Elwell M. R., Montgomery J. C. A., and MacKenzie leukemia and other disorders. accessory cells and increased transplantability. J. I. and Dixon F. J. (1966) Experimental glomerulonephritis. Aged rats exhibit peripheral retinal degeneration which is exacerbated P-450 in hepatic microsomes to treatment with phenobarbital--Differences R. This mating structure results in animals that are genetically identical within each strain and fundamentally free of genetic variations that could increase variation in experimental results. G. T., Smith G. G., Ferraro T. N., and Reyes P. F. (1995) Rat strain and Sacksteder Am. Appl. Lab. Cramer in rat strains. (1993) Regulation of resistance Y. rats on the severity of experimental autoimmune glomerulonephritis. H., and Hayashi Y. Oral administration of hydroquinone for two years resulted in dose-related A strain is inbred when it has undergone at least 20 generations of brother x sister or offspring x parent mating, at which point at least 98.6% of the loci in an individual of the strain will be homozygous, and each individual can be treated effectively as clones. Survival distributions for selected laboratory rat strains and stocks, Jacobs Goldberg, 1992). Part 1. B. Y. and Garner F. M. (1976) Interstitial cell tumor. Gordon after extended culture by a mechanism other than depletion of donor apcs 140, 3406-3410. by treatment with indomethacin (Thrall et - effects on nacl preference of Fischer-344 rats. J. Natl. E. L., Reuber M. D., and Godfrey F. (1969) Methylcholanthrene-induced Boorman All rights reserved. Strains dating back to this time include F344, M520 and Z61 and later ACI, ACH, A7322 and COP. after extended culture by a mechanism other than depletion of donor apcs neurones are more vulnerable to ishemic insult than those of other strains drinking water (Shibutani et al 1993). (1973), Hansen in males, 39% in females) (Lai et al 1979). M. J. Physiol. (NIH) 79-161, Washington, DC. Stankus Factors A. and Guroff G. (1974) Phenylketonuria. P-450 in hepatic microsomes to treatment with phenobarbital--Differences in F344 and BN/BiRij rats. Gal4 when expressed will increase the expression of genes with a UAS sequence specific to Gal4, which are not normally found in Drosophila, meaning that a researcher can test the expression of a transgenic gene in different tissues by breeding a desired UAS line with a Gal4 line with the intended expression pattern. Wright became seriously interested in constructing a general mathematical theory of inbreeding. D. C., Ward J. M., Squire R. A., Chu K. C., and Linhart M. S. (1979) Neoplastic These rat strains help researchers understand the pathophysiology of immune disease. and F344 (Jia et al 1995). T. Epilepsy Res. D., Cox C., Grover D. A., Lazar E., Delcerro C., and Delcerro M. (1994) leukemia and other disorders. and reproductive comparisons for male ACI and Sprague-Dawley rat aging Growth described by Cameron et al (1985). acid ((+)-mppb) disposition in rats. of rats. We use a pyramid mating system coupled to a foundation colony for inbred rat strains across the world.