How can we tell that one thing is alive and another is not? A structure composed of at least two different tissues, with recognizable boundaries, and with a discrete function, A single complete individual capable of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, and maintenance of homeostasis is termed an. The 5 types of external stimuli are often divided into our senses: touch (pressure/movement), vision (light), hearing (sound), smell (chemical), and taste (chemical). Without the expenditure of energy, the net movement of matter in a physiological gradient will always be from a region of ____ concentration to a region of ____ concentration, the term "PET" scan refers to a positron emission (tomography) scan. theory that a more complex structure can be understood by studying its smaller parts. Without expenditure of energy, the net movement of matter in a physiological gradient will always be from a region of ??? Which method of reasoning begins with a hypothesis or question and then tries to answer that question? Discuss why this situation does not invalidate the criteria that living things must be capable of reproduction. Indeed, observable and measurable changes in behaviour typically result from controlled changes in an individuals environment that allow for novel responses to preexisting stimuli. Their molecules are organized into one or more cells. Evolution occurs through ___________ ____________ . A stable temperature is vital to allow all chemical reactions that sustain life. Have all your study materials in one place. the study of body structures. A single complete individual capable of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, and maintenance of homeostasis is termed a(n). If the core temperature decreases as a result, for example, of a cold environment, the hypothalamus will try to increase heat production and retention in our body through: Meanwhile, if the core temperature increases as a result, for example, of a hot environment, the hypothalamus will try to increase heat loss in our body through: There are different types of stimuli: internal stimuli are detected by internal receptors, while external stimuli are detected by external receptors divided into our five senses: touch, vision, sound, smell, and taste. What does it mean to be alive? All mammals, including humans, can generate heat and have negative feedback loops that allow heat retention in cold environments and heat loss in hot environments. Stimulus-response theory developed from early conceptions of conditioning, a behavioral process whereby a response becomes more frequent or more predictable in a givenenvironmentas a result of reinforcement. Test your knowledge with gamified quizzes. isn't DNA like molecules in a chromosomes. It is able to be proved in only one experiment. ??? Nociceptors on your hand detect the threat and transmit the signal through electric impulses to our brain, which creates the sensation of pain and triggers a fast, involuntary response to move away from the threat, thus stopping its harm. Reproduction may be as simple as a single cell dividing into two cells. This process, called fertilization, is illustrated in the image at far right. Antibiotics help but your body does most of it. is the process in which unspecialized cells become specialized cells. this greek doctor could not dissect humans so he dissected animals instead. Organisms respond to _____ or changes in their environment. Which branch of medicine examines tissues for disease? Would you add something to the list of properties above, subtract something, or use an entirely different definition? Individual cells become larger in size, and multicellular organisms accumulate many cells through cell division. is the practice of diagnosing illness by opening the body. True or False? For example: when you come down with a fever it is because your body is trying to fight pathogens before they can make you sicker. Cell theory: all orgs are composed of cells, cells come from similar existing structures. b. Flemish physician, Studied the human body, Made ground breaking discoveries in anatomy, the first to observe microorganisms (bacteria), using a simple microscope. https://bio.libretexts.org/link?16719#Explore_More, source@https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-human-biology/. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. When a response amplifies the initiating stimuli, the mechanism is known as a positive feedback loop. However, most biologists (along with everyone else) would consider a mule, pictured above, to be alive. Different stimuli are detected by different receptors spread across the organism. What is meant by the term resting state? A response can take many forms, from the movement of a unicellular organism in response to external chemicals (called chemotaxis), to complex reactions involving all the senses of a multicellular organism. This stimulus is received by nociceptors (pain receptors) on our skin that signal towards possible threats. improved microscope, looked at microorganisms, first person to observe protozoen bacteria, found cells were everywhere. Evolutionary trends between species are often studied in which discipline? A _____ is the name of a substance with no significant effect on a subject's physiology but is given to a control group that thinks they are being given the treatment. An aggregation of cells and extra-cellular materials, which perform a discrete function. an educated speculation based upon observations that can be tested by experimentation, The Englishman who invented the modern compound microscope in the 1600s and observed plant cells was, - It controls for individual variation - Controls for chance events - It enables us to place greater confidence in the outcome. A single complete individual capable of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, and maintenance of. When blood pressure is too high or too low, baroreceptors receive stimuli that trigger a necessary corrective response by effector organs. Where does the nerve impulse released by the photoreceptors go? According to this view, new stimulus-response connections are strengthened only if the response is followed by certain kinds of consequences. Direct link to Elva Hernandez's post There are five groups of , Posted 7 years ago. It is consistent with what is already known. Most of these mechanisms are called, A change is detected when any factor relevant to homeostatic balance rises above or falls below a certain, There are also less common homeostatic control mechanisms required for organism survival called, Any variation from an optimal level stimulates the receptors. Platelets themselves promote their accumulation at the injury site by releasing chemicals and plugging the haemorrhage. What is an explanatory statement or set of statements, that concisely summarizes the state of knowledge of a phenomenon and provides direction for further study called? Name the smallest particle with a unique chemical identity, ??? Anatomy and Physiology 131 Lecture Ch. 1 Flashcards | Quizlet Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Test. Terms in this set (36) Organism. Name the term for a generalization about the predictable ways in which matter and energy behave. why or why not. Direct link to ReyAnn Haney's post From what I learned recen. Posted 7 years ago. To their disappointment, someone pointed out that a lone rabbit did not meet this bar. Does your correlation change when a constant is added to every score? Responding to stimuli is essential for survival. The autonomic nervous system is a neural pathway in the peripheral nervous system. Although nonliving things may show some of these characteristic traits, only living things show, Living things are highly organized, meaning they contain specialized, coordinated parts. (b) Estimate the electric field at a point 100 m above the center of the sheet. Created by. Legal. These interactions ensure the survival of the organism but also cause changes within its system. A stimulus is any detectable change in an environmental or physiological factor. The point where the optic nerve connects to the retina has no photoreceptors. When pressure is applied to the Pacinian corpuscle, what causes the sodium ions to diffuse into the neurone? Some of the genes code for proteins needed to build new viruses, suggesting that these giant viruses may be able or were once able to reproduce without a host cell. What is the ability of nerve and muscle cells to produce quick reactions called? The _____ is a process by which an educated guess is capable of being tested and may be proven false by experimentation. How do cells respond to different stimuli? Stop procrastinating with our study reminders. What is the part of the brain stem called that controls the influence of the autonomic nervous system on the heart rate? what is testable, falsifiable, and consistent with what is already known? What is the smallest particle of matter with a unique chemical identity? An adaptation is a characteristic of populations. If extraterrestrial life exists, it may or may not share the same characteristics. A single complete individual capable of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development . An aggregation of cells and extracellular materials, which perform a discrete function, is known as a(n) ??? Processes information, relates it to other information, and makes a decision of what a response should be, A self amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to an even greater change in the same direction is known as ??? What is life? This means that each receptor is specialised to only respond to one certain type of stimulus. The anatomist who was the first to publish an atlas of anatomy was. Researchers have discovered giant viruses that contain more genes than cellular life forms such as bacteria. Because, most of the antibiotics, infect the bacteria through destroying their cell wall. An organism generally refers to a single or individual living species, which exhibits all the properties of life. True or False? All, In humans, thermoregulation is coordinated by the, Shivering involuntary muscle contractions that generate extra heat. They are found intracellularly and extracellularly and can initiate downstream reactions once stimulated. Receptors spread across the skin and within the body monitor internal and external temperature variation and relay the information to the hypothalamus, which acts upon any change with corrective actions once a stimulus is created. Will you pass the quiz? This is how bacteria reproduce. They must rely on behavioural responses to maintain the internal temperature constant in these cases. _____ equilibrium occurs when there is a set average point and conditions fluctuate around that point. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Baroreceptors can signal to the medulla to use both parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous pathways to increase or decrease the heart rate. What is the name for the process if carefully separating tissues to reveal anatomical relationships? Scientists have long argued that viruses are not living things because they do not have most of the defining traits of living organisms. It comes about through the process of natural selection. Antibiotics cannot kill viruses because bacteria and viruses have different mechanisms and machinery to survive and replicate. The dog I can hear barking is alive, and so is the tree outside my window. A ____ test provides a statement of probability that the experimental outcome was due to random variation. The sum total of the biochemical reactions occurring in an organism is called its, Metabolism can be subdivided into anabolism and catabolism. The condition in which a system is maintained in a more-or-less steady state is called homeostasis. He was a philosopher who believed that not only could disease have supernatural causes, but natural causes as well. Viruses have an organization, but they are not cells and do not possess the cellular "machinery" that living things use to carry out life processes. Which branch of medicine examines tissues for disease? This stimulus is received by, If significant enough, the control centre may even elicit an automatic response to mitigate the danger through a fast process called a, Organisms have different strategies to respond to heat change. Future discoveries may call for revisions and extensions of the definition of life. Movement in response to an external chemical is called ___________, while movement towards light is called ___________ . Name the term for an explanatory statement, or set of statements, that concisely summarizes the state of knowledge of a phenomenon and provides direction for further study. Opens and closes the pupil, controlling the amount of light that enters the eye. For instance, crystals of snow are organizedthough they don't have cellsand can grow but dont meet the other criteria of life. These are traits that human beings share with other living things. One extension acts as an axon and one acts as a dendrite. True or False? Science has answers to these questions. An example of a well-designed experiment would have a(n) ______ group, which would receive a placebo, and a(n) ______ group, which would receive the intervention (i.e. Omissions? Internal stimuli result from variations in physiological factors detected by internal receptors. This type of mechanism is known as a, There are different types of stimuli: internal stimuli are detected by internal, Transcription and Translation in Prokaryotes. Each type of cell in the body has a specialized structure and function. Effects of a subject's state of mind on their physiology are known as _____ effects. Direct link to Nuhaa Fataar's post What are examples of Unic, Posted 5 years ago. growth. Also known as: S-R theory, stimulus-response view. The antibiotic has no target to attack in a virus. Who was physician to the roman gladiators and wrote one of the most influnetial medical textbooks of his era? Anatomy Learnsmart #1 Flashcards | Quizlet T or F: The study of ultrastructure focused on examining individual cells but not their internal components. Stimulus-response theory | Description, Historical Aspects This means that the permeability of the channel to sodium changes when the channel is deformed, for example, by stretching. what is a molecule, cell, or organ that directly carries out a response to a stimulus called . True or False? a (molecule of large) size and high molecular weight, such as protein is called a _. To make this separation, we must come up with a list of properties that are, as a group, uniquely characteristic of living organisms. Performing a physical examination by listening to sounds in the body Identify those tests below that are statistical tests. Why do we say that the structure of a Pacinian corpuscle resembles that of an onion? Subsequent variations of stimulus-response theory long provided the dominant account of conditioning. Which forces can act as selective "pressure"? Organ system. Attended stimulus: The attended stimulus is the specific object in the environment on which our attention is focused. Create the most beautiful study materials using our templates. Create flashcards in notes completely automatically. The living things we saw in the introductionhumans, dogs, and treeseasily fulfill all seven criteria of life. A square insulating sheet 80.0 cm on a side is held horizontally. is the study of the function of a biological organism. The branch of biology that deals with the formation, early growth, and development of living organisms. Blood pressure needs to be maintained at a relatively constant level to ensure proper blood flow and oxygen supply reaches the organ systems and their cells. All living organisms are made up of one or more. All living things detect changes in their environment and respond to them. Identify the language from which most medical terms are derived. What describes the integration center of a feedback mechanism? Similarly, its not clear that they maintain homeostasis, and they dont carry out their own metabolism. There are different types of receptors for different types of stimuli. A single complete individual capable of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, and maintenance of homeostasis is termed an Organ system A group of organs working together for a coordinated function is an organ In humans, thermoregulation is coordinated by the hypothalamus in the brain. Two most common languages from which medical terms are derived. Terms that identify the discoverer of a structure are called. That's why maintaining protection from the viral disease influenza, for example, requires a new flu vaccine each year. A physician who listening to your body is utilizing which diagnostic procedure? These responses can be complicated, especially in multicellular organisms like animals and plants, where receptors receive stimuli in one part of the body and effectors generate a response in another part of the body. In the less common positive loops however a response can heighten the imbalance creating a cascade of repeating events. response to stimuli. This process can elicit a significant behavioural response once the central nervous system determines if the threat presents a true danger to survival or physical integrity. All organisms with appropriate receptors can respond to stimuli. What is the process of transforming a cell with no specialized function into a cell with a specialized function called? single complete individual capable of response to stimuli, reproduction, growth and development, and maintenance of homeostasis. Name the smallest unit of an organism that can carry out all the functions of life. In an experiment, the control group is unaltered, while the ____ group contains the variable being tested. Subsequent variations of stimulus-response . What are the two types of metabolism described here and what are their differences? Corrections? You yourself started out as a single cell and now have tens of trillions of cells in your body, Living organisms can reproduce themselves to create new organisms. BIO 201 HW #1 Flashcards | Chegg.com A(n) _____ is a molecule, cell, or organ that directly carries out a response to a stimulus. The membrane will become stretched as it is deformed. Living things have multiple levels of organization. This form of metabolism is called anabolism. Most of these mechanisms are called negative feedback control loops because they counter any change and restore the previous balance through corrective actions. If blood pressure is too high, the following responses are triggered to increase it: If blood pressure is too low, the following occurs: Lets review two classic examples of control mechanisms and responses to different stimuli: pain and temperature. For instance, virusestiny protein and nucleic acid structures that can only reproduce inside host cellshave many of the properties of life. Reproduction can be either. We, along with our canine friends and the plants in our yards, are made of cells, metabolize, maintain homeostasis, grow, and respond. Why does the Pacinian corpuscle not generate an action potential when it is in its resting state? What receptors are important in helping us with our sense of touch? 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Differences in sex,age, weight, diet,degree of physical activity, environment, among other things are important what?
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